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Flashcards in anatomy Deck (37)
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1
Q

outer ear is made up of 2 structures:

A
  1. pinna

2. external auditory meatus (ear canal)

2
Q

concha

A

depression in lower center of the pinna

3
Q

funnel like shape of the pinna gives rise to its basic function of…

A

collecting and sending sound waves through the ear canal

4
Q

external auditory meatus (EAM)

A
  • tube that runs from the pinna to the ear drum (tympanic membrane)
  • lined with epithelium and tiny hairs (cilia)
  • contains glands in the cartilaginous parts that produce earwax
5
Q

EAM length

A
children = 6mm
adults = 23-29mm
6
Q

function of cerumen

A

-aids in keeping the ear canal moisturized and clean of debris that can accumulate

7
Q

2 main functions of EAM

A
  • protect the delicate middle and inner ear from foreign bodies that could damage these structures
  • boosts amplitude of high frequency sounds
8
Q

resonant frequency

A

or natural frequency

the frequency in which so meting responds or vibrates best to

9
Q

when frequencies enter the EAM and are close to or at the resonant frequency of the EAM what happens?

A

they get an automatic boost of about 10-15 dB

10
Q

the boost helps

A

higher frequency sounds

localization

11
Q

tympanic membrane

A

anatomic boundary between outer and middle ear

12
Q

TM is comprise of multiple layers:

A

epithelial, medial membranous, fibrous (in-between top 2)

13
Q

TM medial layer

A

lined with mucous membrane

14
Q

TM 2 main sections

A
  • pars flaccida

- pars tens

15
Q

pars flaccida

A

located superiorly

is flaccid

16
Q

pars tens

A

larger section

more stiff

located inferiorly

17
Q

ossicles

A

smallest bones in the body

  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes

all articulate with each other
suspended by ligaments that help it move

18
Q

malleus

A

attaches with the TM

-TM vibrates from sound energy impinging on it and malleus moves at the same vibratory speed

19
Q

incus

A

middle bone, less than 1cm

20
Q

2 processes of incus

A

short crus

long crus

21
Q

long crus

A

attached to head of stapes

22
Q

short crus

A

fits into recess wall of TM

23
Q

stapes

A

resembles stirrup

has 2 crura and a footplate

24
Q

footplate function

A

helps push acoustic energy into the inner ear

fits into oval window

25
Q

E- tube functions

A
  • equalize air pressure between middle ear cavity and the nasopharynx
  • help drain fluids that may accumulate in the middle ear
26
Q

inner ear consists of

A

the auditory and vestibular labyrinth

-each has a osseous and membranous labyrinth

27
Q

cochlea

A

snail shape part of osseous labyrinth

  • HOUSED WITHIN THE TEMPORAL BONE
  • straightened out is about 3.5 cm
  • tonotopially organized
28
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

goes inside osseous lab

29
Q

auditory lab is referred to as the

A

cochlea and is the sensory organ of hearing

30
Q

semicircular canals

A

sensory end organ of balance

31
Q

cochlea tonotopical organization

A
  • different parts respond to different frequencies
  • lined with hair cells
  • higher freqs on the outside, abused the most, go first
32
Q

3 scalas

A
scala vestibuli (perilymph)
scala media (endolymph)
scala tympani
33
Q

basilar membrane location

A

base of cochlea

34
Q

vestibular membrane location

A

roof of cochlea

35
Q

cilial hair fibers

A

attached to nerve fibers

36
Q

techtorial membrane

A

shearing forces activates cilia movements

37
Q

stereocilia

A

highest hair cells