Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mini 3 Physio, Anatomy, etc. > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Posterior Mediastinum contents: VAGUS DATES

A 
Descending aorta
Azygous vein
Thoracic duct
Esophagus 
Sympathetic trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DROP into a Deep PIT and SHUFFLE your way out

A

Lower limb peripheral nerve injuries:

Foot DROP results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis, due to common Peroneal nerve lesion.

Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nerve, results in a shuffling gait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PAD DAB

A

Palmar interaceus muscles ADDUCT metacarpal phalangeal joints

Dorsal interaceus muscles ABDUCT metacarpal phalangeal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Frosted Flakes (are great) Says The O.G. Tiger

A

Femoral nerve - supplies anterior thigh

Common Fibular/Peroneal - to fibula head via popliteal fossa. Superficial Fibular - lateral fibula, Deep Fibular - anterior tibia

Sciatic nerve - tibial nerve and common Peroneal nerve

Tibial nerve

Obturator Nerve - thigh (adductors)

Gluteal nerve - inferior = max, superior = minimus and medius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Celiac trunk branches Left Hand Side (LHS)

A

Left gastric artery = lesser curvature of stomach and lower esophagus

(Right) Hepatic artery = liver, gallbladder and cystic duct

Splenic artery = spleen, greater curvature of stomach and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eye rotation by oblique muscles

A

I Love S&M (I Love Sex&Money)

Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation
Superior oblique: medial eye rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superior mediastinum contents:

A 
Aortic arch
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins
Esophagus
Thymus
Trachea
Thoracic duct
Nerves; vagus and phrenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral Rotators of Hip

A

Piece Goods Often Go On Quilts

Piriforms
G
Obturator internus
G
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A

SAD PUCKER

Supra renal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon
Kidneys 
Esophagus
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serrano Anterior innervates SALT

A

Serratus Anterior = long thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The SITS muscles

A

Rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Standing Room Only

A

Trigeminal nerve

Superior orbital fissure V1
Foramen rotundum V2
Foramen Ovale V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radial nerve supplies BEST muscles

A

Brachioradialis
Extensors
Supinator
Triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serratus anterior innervation and action

A

(Long thoracic nerve) C5-6-7 raise your wings up to heaven; injury results in inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to heaven = scapula wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Major branch order of aortic arch: know your ABC’S

A

Aortic arch:
Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

P-SLAC

A

P - posterior columns. Fine touch, proprioception, medulla

S - spinocerebellar tract. Muscle tone, ipsilateral

L - lateral spinothalamic tract. Pain and temp. Spinal cord. Contralateral

A - anterior spinothalamic tract. Crude touch. Spinal cord

C - corticospinal tract. Voluntary motor. Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve supplies:

BBC

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Resident cells

A

Of connective tissue that are fibroblasts whom maintain and produce matrix and mast cells.

Residents of the CT supplying the matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wandering cells

A

In connective tissue which include eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, etc.

WBC who wander looking for intruders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 types of fibers

A

Collagen - non elastic high tensile strength
Elastic fibers - (yellow fibers) thin threads
Reticular fibers - wavy fibers forming bundles and mesh like networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LCT vs. DCT

A

Loose stains lighter than dense CT

D Regular CT = organized and parallel (ligaments and tendons)
D Irregular CT = densely packed collagen fibers interwoven into a meshwork.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Esophagus epithelium is ______

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Grey matter in neurons

A

Collections of soma which have high numbers of ribosomes and RER giving it the dark grey color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

White matter in neurons

A

Collections of axons due to myelin (lipid) being wrapped around them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Contents of neural cells include:
``` Nissl bodies (RER) (dark clusters) Golgi Mitochondrion Microtubules Nucleus Nucleolus ```
26
Glial cells of the CNS include
Astrocytes - largest w long projections (grey and white matter) high number in blood brain barrier, star shaped Oligodendrocytes - wraps multiple axons (grey and white matter) (multiple sclerosis) Microglia - phagocytes, abundant in injury sites, shorter projections Ependimal cells - border neural tissue, involved in CSF formation. Cuboidal like
27
Glial cells of the PNS include
Schwann cells - myelin sheath of axons along PNS, covers one axon w multiple myelin layers Satellite cells
28
Ganglia
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
29
White vs. Gray Rami Communicantes
Preganglionic neurons enter white and postganglionic exit gray to rejoin spinal nerves Sympathetic division
30
Para vertebral ganglion vs. pre vertebral ganglion
Para = located just anterior/lateral to spinal column Pre = located closer to target organs
31
Dural Reflecfions
Double layer covering the brain Outer periosteal layer Inner meningeal layer Separated by venous sinuses (main vein that drains the brain)
32
Spinal tap
Between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae
33
Babinski's Test
``` Positive = toes fan Negative = toes curl ```
34
Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein
LA, LV IV septum, RV, LV RA, RV
35
Lung epithelium consist of:
Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
36
Treatment of kidney stones (3)
Open surgery Percutaneous surgery (needle & guide wire) Lithotripsy high energy shock waves
37
Penile Urethra vs. Female Urethra
Penile - stratified columnar Female - transitional (including bladder and ureters) and smooth muscle
38
3 major branches or aorta
Celiac trunk - LHS SMA - supplies the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery IMA
39
Acute Cholecystitis 4Fs
Fat, female, fertile, forties Inflammation of gall bladder
40
Serous secretion vs. mucous secretion
Granules And White, big, chunks. Mucin in goblet cells stain purple
41
Small ducts vs. large ducts
Small - lined by simple cuboidal Large - lined by columnar of stratified epithelia
42
Acini vs. alveolus vs. tubular
Acini - pyramidal shape Alveolus - large lumen (mammary glands) Tubular - same lumen and cell size
43
Duodenum vs. Ileum vs. jejunum
D - Brunners glands, villi are taller and broader Ileum - peyers patches, shortest and narrowest Jejunum - nada, villi are narrow and sparse, crypts of Lieberkuhn
44
Achalasia
Failure of LES relaxation; food can remain in esophagus Neurological disorder Symptoms: regurgitation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), loss of appetite, inflammation of esophagus Diagnose: esophagram, use artificial food w barium
45
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Over relaxed LES; acidic contents back into esophagus, can cause Barrett's esophagus (columnar and goblet cells), heartburn, nausea after eating Diagnose: endoscopy = EGD; esophagogastroduodenoscopy
46
Parietal cells/Oxyntic cells produce
HCl
47
Chief cells produce
Pepsinogen breaks down peptide bonds of proteins
48
Congenital pyloric stenosis
Abnormal development of pyloric sphincter Permanent, no passage of food at all, projectile vomiting
49
Gastritis; 2 Types
Inflammation of stomach mucosa Type A: inflammation of fundus and body Type B: Antrum and pylorus caused by H. pylori Can lead to peptic ulcer Blood in stool, vomiting blood, doesn't reach esophagus
50
Greater omentum
From stomach to cold and upper abdomen Brings blood flow and immune function by Scaring and sealing holes
51
Brunners glands
Secretes alkaline to neutralize stomach contents (duodenum)
52
Ileum vs. Jejunum
Ileum = more arcades and short vasa recta, peyers patches which look like lymph nodes Jejunum = longer vasa recta, less arcades,
53
Segmentations
Smooth muscle contractions moving chyme in both directions
54
Peristaltic waves
Begin in duodenum with overlapping waves = migrating myoeletric complex MMC
55
Colon bacteria make what two vitamins
K and B
56
Crohn's Disease
Autoimmune inflammatory degeneration of mucosa and layers of gut wall RFs: family history, smoking, stress
57
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammation of mucosa only in colon and sometimes rectum High [lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils]
58
Colon cancer
Screening: stool occult blood test Colonoscopy
59
Celiac trunk blood supply: foregut
Duodenum, liver, pancreas, stomach, esophagus
60
SMA blood supply: midgut
``` Duodenum Jejunum Ascending Cecum 2/3 transverse colon ```
61
IMA blood supply, hindgut
Sigmoid Rectum 1/3 transverse colon Descending colon
62
Aplasia
Failure to develop
63
Heteroplasia
Growth of normal tissue in the wrong place
64
Metaplasia (metaplasis with low grade displasia)
Replacement of a fully differentiated tissue into a diff kind I.e. Squamous to columnar
65
Dyplasia
Transformation of highly differentiated tissue into low differentiated tissue Smaller cells, heterochromatic Precancerous
66
Adenoma
Benign gland like looking tumor
67
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor resembling a gland, grows fast and invades nerves
68
Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis
Constant damage to gastric mucosa leading to loss of parietal cells and replacement by fibrous tissue Develops following chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa
69
Crypts of Liberkuhn
Present in large intestine and Jejunum
70
Pectinate line
Line that divides upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of anal canal. The end of the hind gut Beneath = nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
71
Chondrocytes
Cells embedded in cartilage matrix= lacunae Chondroblasts are immature dividing Chondrocytes
72
Perichondrium
Production and repair of cartilage Perichondrium transforms into periosteum if turned into bone
73
Hyaline cartilage
More ground substance than cells Articular surfaces of bones (condyles, joints), nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, fetal skeleton, thoracic cage Function: support soft skeleton and friction free movement of joint
74
Appositional growth
Growth from the surface of cartilage from the Perichondrium
75
Interstitial growth
Growth from the interior
76
Elastic cartilage
Elastic support, easy bending, Location: ear, nose, epiglottis Contains Perichondrium, moderate amount of Type II collage and elastic fibers
77
Fibrocartilage
Dense CT matrix, dense ground substance, no Perichondrium Function: withstand shock, shock absorption, tensile resistance Location: intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis, menisci, insertion of tendons
78
Articular cartilage
Covers bone surfaces that glide against each other inside synovial (movable) joints
79
Bone types (5)
``` Long Short Flat Sesamoid Irregular ```
80
Compact (dense) bone vs. spongy (cancellous) bone
Dense - surface of bone Cancellous - inside of bones. Contain trabeculae
81
Red bone marrow (active) Vs. yellow bone marrow (inactive)
Red - developing and differentiating bone and blood cells. Bone marrow usually found in flat bones and epiphyses Yellow - fat and reticular fibers. Can convert back to red during blood loss or hemolysis
82
Periosteum
CT proper - covers bone and connects it to muscles, joints and other bones Outer fibrous layer and inner Cambial zone
83
Osteocytes
Mature osteoblasts inside lacunae
84
Woven (primary) bone Vs. Spongy bone histology
Immature bone w chaotic orientation of collagen fibers and no lamallae Abundant in fetus and young children, in adults maybe insertion of tendons and bony alveoli around teeth Spongy bone - regular orientation of collagen, lamallae inside trabeculae
85
Fracture healing process (week 1, week 2-3, week 4-16, week-17+)
Week 1- hematoma/inflammation Week 2-3: soft callus Week 4-16: hard callus Week 17+- remodeling
86
3 ligaments for knee strength
Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Meniscal ligament
87
Popliteal dislocation
Fluid filled sacs of synovial membrane In popliteal fossa (behind knee joint). Chronic knee joint effusion
88
Portal system that drains into IVC includes
Esophagus Umbilicus Rectum = collateral circulation
89
Right coronary artery supplies (RCA) Left coronary artery supplies (LCA) Circumflex artery supplies
- RA, RV, SA node, AV node, and posterior 3rd IV septum - most of left atrium, LV, anterior 2/3 IV septum - posterior Of heart

Mini 3 Physio, Anatomy, etc. (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions