Anatomy

Question 1

Ventricles are on the ____ of the heart.

Answer 1

Bottom

Question 2

The atria empty into the corresponding______

Answer 2

Ventricles

Question 3

The left ventricle provides for __________ circulation

Answer 3

Peripheral (body)

Question 4

The right ventricle provides for _______ circulation

Answer 4

Pulmonary (lungs)

Question 5

Describe the blood flow from Right atrium onward.

Answer 5

Right atrium> right ventricle> pulmonary artery> pulmonary circulation> left atrium> left ventricle> aorta> peripheral circulation> right atrium.

Question 6

What is passive pumping?

Answer 6

The constant pressure of a distended arterial system wAnting to return to normal.

Question 7

What is active pumping?

Answer 7

The actual pumping of the heart. Stroke volume, cardiac output

Question 8

Cardiac Output=

Answer 8

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 9

A low stroke volume will lead to a _____ heart rate

Answer 9

Higher

Question 10

What happens to the atria at late systole?

Answer 10

Atria are full, ventricles are empty

Question 11

What happens during early diastole?

Answer 11

AV Valves open, blood goes to the ventricles

Question 12

What happens during mid diastole?

Answer 12

The ventricles are full, atrial contraction forces the ventricles to distend, maximizing cardiac output.

Question 13

A fast heart rate leads to ______ cardiac output, why?

Answer 13

Decreased

The ventricles don’t have time to adequately fill or overfill to produce a decent contraction.

Question 14

The AV Septum is a _______________ wall between the atria and the ventricles.

Answer 14

Non conductive

Question 15

What is the function of the AV Septum in regard to electrical impulse?

Answer 15

Stops conduction before it reaches the ventricles.

Question 16

What does the AV Node do?

Answer 16

It slows the atrial impulse down until the ventricles are ready to receive it, before opening and passing the impulse to stimulate the ventricles.

Question 17

What is the slowing of the impulse at the AV Node called?

Answer 17

Physiologic blocking

Question 18

How are the atrial myocytes innervated?

Answer 18

Direct cell to cell contact

Question 19

Where is the Purkinje System located?

Answer 19

It encircles the ventricles and is the final component of the impulse system

Question 20

Atrium are on the____ of the heart.

Answer 20

Top

Question 21

What does the pacemaker of the heart do?

Answer 21

Determines the rate at which the heart will cycle through its pumping action. Creates an organized beating of all cardiac cells in a specialized sequence to produce effective pumping.

Question 22

During excersize, the pace of the heart will____

Answer 22

Speed up

Question 23

The main pacemaker of the heart is the_______ and is it located in the muscle of _______

Answer 23

SA Node. Located in the muscle of the right atrium.

Question 24

What is the pacemaker of the heart controlled by?

Answer 24

Information from the nervous, circulatory and endocrine systems.

Question 25

The main pacemaker of the heart paces at 60-100 BOM with an average of:

Answer 25

70 BPM

Question 26

The fastest pacemaker of the heart is the:

Answer 26

SA node, then the AV node and so on

Question 27

The fastest pacemaker sets the pace so all the slower ones can reset with each beat, what happens if the fastest pacer fails?

Answer 27

The next fastest will take over to try and return pacing to as normal as possible as quickly as possible.

Question 28

What does SA node stand for?

Answer 28

Sinoatrial node

Question 29

Where does the SA node get its blood supply in 59% of cases?

Answer 29

Right coronary artery

Question 30

Where does the SA node get its blood supply in 38% of cases?

Answer 30

Left coronary artery

Question 31

In the last 3% of cases where does the SA node get its blood supply?

Answer 31

Both coronary arteries.

Question 32

Where exactly is the SA Node?

Answer 32

Muscle of the right atrium at its junction with the superior vena cava.

Question 33

What are the three main internodal pathways?

Answer 33

Anterior, middle, posterior

Question 34

What is the additional (fourth) internodal pathway?

Answer 34

Bachmans bundle which transmits impulses through the inter atrial septum

Question 35

What is the function of the internodal pathways?

Answer 35

To transmit impulses through from SA to AV node.

Question 36

Where are all of the internodal pathways found?

Answer 36

In the walls of the right atrium and inter atrial septum

Question 37

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 37

Wall of R.A next to the opening of the coronary sinus, and septal leaflet of tricuspid valve.

Question 38

Where does the Bundle of His start?

Answer 38

At the AV node

Question 39

Where does the Bundle of His end?

Answer 39

The R and L bundle branches

Question 40

The only route of communication between the atria and the ventricles is the_______.

Answer 40

Bundle of His

Question 41

The left bundle branch starts at the bundle of His, and goes to the_______

Answer 41

Interventricular septum

Question 42

The L.B.B is the first area to depolarize. True or false.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The R.B.B starts at the________ and ends at the ________.

Answer 43

Bundle of His Purkinje fibres

Question 44

The left anterior fascicle travels through the R.V to the Purkinje fibres. True or false?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

The left anterior fascicle is single stranded, true or false.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The left posterior fascicle is single stranded, true or false.

Answer 46

False, it's fan shaped and harder to block because it is multi stranded.

Question 47

What is the Purkinje system made of?

Answer 47

Cells beneath the endocardium

Question 48

What are the 4 arrythmogenic zones?

Answer 48

1) SA node (sinus) 2) atrial 3) AV node (nodal) 4) ventricular