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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Nutrients is a

A

Are the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes

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2
Q

Energy is

A

When nutrients are used by the body for energy the amount of energy they release can be measured in the units called calories

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3
Q

Calories

A

Is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

In addition to providing energy, carbohydrates provide the raw materials to make cell parts

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5
Q

Simple carbohydrates

A

Are also know as sugars

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6
Q

Glucose

A

Is a major source of energy for your body’s cells

Glucose is a form of sugar the body can most easily use

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7
Q

Complex carbohydrates

A

Are made up of sugar molecules linked together in a chain

starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes rice wheat corn

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8
Q

Fats

A

Are energy containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen however fats contain more than twice the energy of an equal amount of carbohydrates

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9
Q

What do fats do

A

Fatty tissue protects and supports your internal organs and insulates your body

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10
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Are usually liquid at room temperature. Most cooking oils are unsaturated fats

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11
Q

Saturated fats

A

Are usually solid at room temperature meat and dairy contain large amounts of saturated fats

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

Is a waxy fat like substance only found in animal products

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13
Q

What is not necessary for you to put in your diet and why?

A

Your liver can make all of the cholesterol your body needs so cholesterol is not a necessary part of your diet

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14
Q

Proteins

A

Are nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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15
Q

What are proteins needed for

A

They are needed for tissue growth and repair

they also play an important part in chemical reactions within cells

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16
Q

Amino acids

A

Which are linked together chemically to form a large protein molecules

Thousands of different proteins are built from 20 different amino acids

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17
Q

Complete and incomplete proteins

A

Foods from animal sources such as meat and eggs are sources of complete proteins because these foods contain all the essential amino acids

Proteins from plant sources such as beans grains and nuts are incomplete proteins because they are missing one or more essential amino acids

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18
Q

Vitamins

A

Act as a helper molecules In a variety of chemical reactions on the body

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19
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins that dissolve in a day and they are stored in fatty tissues in the body

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20
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body

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21
Q

Minerals

A

Minerals are present in soil and are absorbed by plants through their roots

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22
Q

How you get minerals

A

You obtain minerals by eating plants

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23
Q

Water

A

Water is the most important nutrient because the body’s vital processes including chemical reactions such as the breakdown of nutrients take place in water

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24
Q

The food guide pyramid

A

Is a diagram that was developed to help people plan a heathy diet

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25
Base of the pyramid
Bread cereal rice and pasta group these food are rich in complex carbohydrates
26
Middle of the pyramid
Vegetable group and fruit group | Good sources of carbohydrates fiber vitamins minerals and water
27
Third level of the food pyramid
Contains milk yogurt and cheese group. And the meat poultry fish dry beans eggs and nuts group milk and other dairy products are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals people needs small amounts of this because it is high in protein
28
Top of the food pyramid
Foods containing large amounts of fat, sugars, these food contain few valuable nutrients this is the smallest part of the pyramid which means that intake of these food should be limited
29
Food labels
Food labels allow you to evaluate s single food as well as to compare the nutritional value of two different foods
30
Dietary reference intake or DRI's
Guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients that are needed everyday
31
Digestion
The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules
32
Absorption
Is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood
33
Saliva is
The fluid released when your mouth waters
34
Enzymes
Are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body
35
Epiglottis
Seals off your windpipe preventing the food from entering
36
Esophagus is
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
37
Mucus
a think slippery substance produced by the body
38
Peristalsis
These involuntary waves of muscle contraction
39
Stomach
A j shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen
40
Small intestine is
The part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion takes place
41
Liver is
Is located in the upper right portion of the abdomen also is the largest organ inside the body
42
Bile
Is a substance that breaks up fat particles
43
Gallbladder
The organ that stores bile
44
Pancreas
Is a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine
45
What does the pancreas do
Produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine and help break down starches proteins and fats
46
Villi
Millions of tiny finger shaped structures that cover the surface of the small intestine
47
Large intestine is
The last section of the digestive system it is about 1.5 meters long
48
Rectum is
Waste material is compressed into a solid form
49
Anus is
A muscular opening at the end of the rectum
50
Villi absorb
Nutrient molecules
51
Incisors are where | And they do what
In the front of the mouth they cut food into bite size pieces
52
Canines are where | and do what
Are in the middle of the mouth and these teeth tear and slash the food into smaller pieces
53
What is urea
It is a chemical that comes from the background of proteins
54
What is urine
A watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes
55
What is Ureters
They carry urine to the urinary bladder
56
What is the urinary bladder
A sacklike muscular organ that stores the urine
57
What is the urethra
Urine leaves the body through a small tube
58
What are nephrons
Tiny filtering factories that remove wastes from blood and produce urine
59
What is respiration
The process by which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells
60
What is cilia
Tiny hairlike extensions that can move together in a sweeping motion
61
What is the pharynx or throat
Is the only part of the respiratory system that is shared with another system which is the digestive system
62
What is the trachea
The tube that you breathe through
63
What are the lungs
Are the main organs of the respiratory system
64
What is bronchi
The passages that direct air to the lungs
65
What is alveoli
Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
66
What is the Diaphragm
A large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing
67
What is the larynx
Or voice box located in the top part of the trachea underneath the epiglottis
68
What are vocal cords
Folds to connective tissue that produce your voice stretches across the opening of the larynx
69
What is tar
Dark sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns
70
What is carbon monoxide
A colorless order less gas
71
What is Nicotine
It is a stimulant drug that increases the activities of the nervous system and heart which makes the heart beat faster
72
What is addiction
Or physical dependence smokers feel an intense craving for a cigarette if they go without one
73
What is chronic bronchitis
Is an irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and may be clogged with mucus
74
What is emphysema
It is a serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties It also makes a person not get enough oxygen and they cannot remove carbon dioxide easily And this disease is permanent even a person stops smoking
75
lung cancer
Is caused by more than 50 different chemicals in smoke
76
What is Atherosclerosis
Can cause heart attacks
77
What is Excretion
The removal process
78
What are Kidneys
They help maintain homeostasis

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