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JL ENT > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

What are the wings of the nose called?

A

Ala

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2
Q

What is the dent between septum and upper lip called?

A

Philtrum (of upper lip)

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3
Q

From the facial aspect - what part of ethmoid bone can be seen?

A

Perpendicular plate

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4
Q

Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone that make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate and crista galli (peak)

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5
Q

Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone which make up the lateral wall of nasal cavity?

A

Superior and middle conchae

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6
Q

Name the part of ethmoid bone which makes up the septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (+vomer)

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7
Q

What Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

2 and 3. This leads to danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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8
Q

What is at the back of the lateral wall of right nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bone

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9
Q

What mucosa does the vestibule have?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epitheliium

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10
Q

What mucosa does the middle and superior conchae area have?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

In relation to CN1 Olfactory - what pass through the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, in olfactory mucosa and are the first neurones in chain?

A

Receptor cells

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12
Q

What is the olfactory bulb and what is it made of?

A

Ganglion - cell bodies of 2nd neurones

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13
Q

Where does the olfactory tract end?

A

In temporal lobe

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14
Q

Is the olfactory area on both the lateral wall and the septum?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the anterosuperior part of nasal cavity?

A

Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)

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17
Q

What branch of the opthalmic nerve supplies the snterosuperior part of lateral wall and septum?

A

Nasociliary

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18
Q

What branch of the maxillary nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of lateral wall and septum?

A

Nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves

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19
Q

What two arteries branch from external carotid to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Facial and maxillary

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20
Q

What artery branch from internal carotid supplies the nasal cavity?

A

Opthalmic

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21
Q

What two arteries branch off the opthalmic artery to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

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22
Q

What two arteries branch off the maxillary artery to supply the nasal cavities?

A

Sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

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23
Q

What artery branches off facial artery to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

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24
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

An arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum. A common site of epistaxis.

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25
What four arteries make up Kiesselbach's area?
LEGS | Labial, Ethmoidal, greater palatine and sphenopalatine
26
Is the inferior conchae part of the ethmoid bone?
NO
27
What is hte floor of the nasal cavity formed from?
Left and right maxillae and palatine bones (posteriorly)
28
What allows draiange of mucus from the paranasal sinuses?
Ostia - holes in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls
29
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled spaces within bones
30
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
The middle meatus
31
Where do the ethmoidal cells drain to?
Superior and middle meatuses
32
Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
33
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into?
Middle meatus
34
What does the lacrimal gland produce?
Tears
35
Where do tears drain?
Nasolacrimal duct
36
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to?
Inferior meatus of nasal cavity
37
What sinus is predisposed to inflammation?
Maxillary sinus
38
What might extraction of a tooth result in?
Oro-antral fistula
39
What function do organs of the temporal bone do?
Hearing and balance - special sensory
40
What nerves does the temporal bone contain?
Facial 7 | Vestibulocochlear 8
41
What is the pterion (suture)?
The thinnest part of the skull
42
What are the two parts of the temporal bone?
Squamous - more anterosuperior | Petrous - more posteroinferior
43
What is the name of the hole in the lateral side of petrous part of temporal bone?
External acoustic meatus
44
What cranial nerves are damaged in a base of skull fracture involving the temporal bone?
7 and 8
45
What three bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
46
What two bones make up middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid and temporal
47
What is the foramen for the olfactory nerve?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
48
What nerve goes through the optic canal?
Optic nerve II
49
What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
III, IV, Va and VI
50
What foramen does Vb go through?
Foramen rotundum
51
What foramen does Vc go through
Foramen ovale
52
What nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?
VII and VIII
53
What cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?
IX, X and XI
54
What goes through hypoglossal canal?
XII
55
What part of the ear involves the auricle to tympanic membrane?
External ear
56
How does the external ear connect with the middle ear?
Through external acoustic meatus
57
What part of the ear collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)?
External ear
58
What part of the ear is between the tympanic membrane and oval window?
Middle ear and eutachian tube
59
What part of the ear amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear?
Middle ear
60
What does the internal ear run between?
Oval window to internal acoustic meatus (VII and VIII)
61
What part of the ear converts special sensory information into fluid waves, APs and conducts APs to brain?
Internal ear
62
What tract seperates the squamous part of temporal bone from petrous part?
External acoustic meatus
63
What does the external acoustic meatus produce?
Earwax via ceruminous glands
64
What is the top of the ear called?
Helix
65
What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the superior parts of EAM and most of the tympanic membrane?
CN V3 (mandibular)
66
What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane?
CN X (vagus)
67
Where does lymph drain from lateral surface of superior half of auricle?
Parotid lymph nodes
68
Where does lymph from cranial surface of superior half of auricle drain?
Mastoid lymph nodes (and deep cervical)
69
Where does lymph from the rest of auricle invluding the lobe drain?
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
70
Where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain?
Deep cervical lymph node (in carotid sheath), then thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and finally the venous angle
71
How do you examine the ear of a child (EAM is short and straight)?
Pull auricle posteroinferiorly
72
How do you exmine the ear of an adult (EAM is curved)?
Pull auricle posterosuperiorly
73
What is the name of the most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane?
Umbo
74
What is the name of the thin part of the tympanic membrane superiorly?
Pars flaccida
75
What is the name of the thick part of the tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly?
Pars tensa
76
What nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
Mostly CN V3 (auriculotemporal branch)
77
What nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
CN IX
78
What nerve supplies the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils?
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
79
What connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?
Eustachian tube
80
What nerve supplies sensory function to laryngopharynx?
Vagus CN X
81
What is the name of the group of bones in the middle ear and how do they articulate?
Auditory ossicles via synovial joints
82
Name the three auditory ossicles?
Malleus Incus Stapes
83
What is the name of the space superior to hte tympanic membrane?
Epitympanic recess
84
Where does the base (footplate) of the stapes fit into?
The oval window
85
What does the handle of the malleus (adherent to the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane create)?
The umbo
86
What is the name of the doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess?
Aditus
87
What three tracts does the facial nerve go down?
Internal acoustic meatus, facial canal of petrous temporal bone (connects IAM and stylomastoid foramen) and stylomastoid foramen
88
What branch of the facial nerve supplies taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
Chorda tympani
89
What is the name of the smallest skeletal muscle in the body - supplied by the facial nerve?
stapedius
90
What is the role of the small skeletal muscle stapedius?
Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
91
What does the chorda tympani (branch of CN VII) connect to?
Lingual nerve branch of CN V3
92
the CN VII parasympathetic axons supply what?
Submandibular and salivary gland
93
What is the name of the forehead muscle?
Frontalis
94
How is the muscles of facial expression tested?
By asking patient to frown, close eyes, smile and puff out cheeks
95
What are the two parts of CN VIII?
Cochlear - hearing | Vestibular - balance
96
Where does the dense otic capsule sit?
In temporal bone
97
What does the bony labrynth inside the otic capsule contain?
Perilymph and endolypmh
98
What is the name of the apex of spiral in otic capsule?
Cupula (part of cochlea)
99
What nerve conducts APs from the cochlear duct in the internal ear?
Cochlear nerve
100
What nerve conducts APs from the semicircular ducts in the internal ear?
Vestibular nerve
101
Where do cranial nerves 7 and 8 connect with the brainstem?
At junction between pons and medulla
102
What nerve is damaged if there is reduced general sensation in the auricle immediately posterior to the tragus?
Facial nerve

JL ENT (5 decks)

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