Anatomy Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Vulva
A
external genitalia of female, includes pubic hair, mons veneris, labia majora/minora, clitoris, urinary/vaginal openings
2
Q
Mons veneris
A
“mound of venus”, area covering pubic bone, hundreds of nerve endings
3
Q
Labia majora
A
outer lips extends downward from mons on each side of vulva, begins next to thigh, extends inward, skin is usually darker than thighs
4
Q
Labia minora
A
inner lips, hairless folds of skin that join prepuce
5
Q
Prepuce
A
clitoral hood
6
Q
Labiaplasty
A
labia is made bigger/smaller by surgery, 3rd fastest growing cosmetic procedure
7
Q
Clitoris
A
external glans and shaft, increase in size during ovulation, more sensitive to touch than vagina
8
Q
Clitoridectomy
A
removal of clitoris
9
Q
Genital infibulation
A
clitoris and labia are cut off, both sides of vulva are scraped raw, stitched with thorns, increased infertility rates
10
Q
Vestibule
A
Area of vulva inside labia minora, rich in blood vessels and nerve endings
11
Q
Urethra
A
small tube connecting bladder to urinary opening
12
Q
Introitus
A
between urinary opening and anus
13
Q
Hymen
A
lovers introitus, breaks after intercourse
14
Q
Imperforate hymen
A
tissue seals vaginal opening, holds menstruation collection in vagina
15
Q
Hymenplasty
A
surgical reconstruction of hymen
16
Q
Perineum
A
smooth skin between vaginal opening and anus
17
Q
Cavernous bodies (female)
A
structures in the shaft of the clitoris that engorge with blood during arousal
18
Q
Vestibular bulbs
A
under inner labia, extend from below clitoris, engorge with blood during arousal
19
Q
Bartholin’s Glands
A
Two small glands inside vagina, secrete few drops of liquid during arousal
20
Q
Vagina
A
canal that opens at vulva, extends 3-5 inches into pelvis
21
Q
Speculum
A
instrument used to open vaginal walls during pelvic exam
22
Q
Kegel exercises
A
regain urinary control after childbirth
23
Q
Mulosa
A
layer of mucous membrane in vagina
24
Q
Rugae
A
folded walls
25
Grafenberg Spot
G-Spot, glands/ducts in anterior wall of vagina
26
Vasocongestion
engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal, enhances possibility of conception, increase sexual enjoyment
27
Douching
rinsing out inside of vagina, increased risk of ovarian cancer
28
Cervix
Back of vagina, small end of pear-shaped uterus
29
Os
opening of cervix that leads to interior of uterus
30
Uterus
pear-shaped organ, fetus development locations
31
Perimetrium
external thin membrane layer covering outside of uterus
32
Myometrium
muscle layer of uterine wall
33
Endometrium
tissue lines inside of uterine wall, hormone production
34
Fallopian tubes
4 inches long, connects ovaries to uterus
35
Fimbriae
fringelike ends of fallopian tubes, released ovum enters
36
Ectopic pregnancy
fertilized ovum is stuck on tube, rupturing, bleeding
37
Ovaries
shape of almonds, produce ova and sex hormones
38
Menstruation
build in uterine lining
39
Menarche
first menstrual bleeding
40
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
41
LH
luteinizing hormone
42
Corpus luteum
produces progesterone
43
Menstrual phase
uterus sheds thickened inner layer of endometrium, consists of blood, mucus, endometrial tissue
44
Proliferative phase
pituitary gland increases production of FSH, estrogen causes endometrium to thicken
45
Secretory phase
corpus luteum develops/secretes progesterone
46
Blastocyst
multi-celled descendant of united egg and sperm
47
PMS
premenstrual syndrome, myriad of symptoms
48
PMDD
premenstrual dysphoric disorder, severe symptoms disturb woman's functioning
49
Dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
50
Prostaglandins
hormones that induce uterine contractions (cramps)
51
Endometriosis
condition in which uterine tissue grows on various parts of abdominal activity
52
Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation, problems with reproductive organs, can happen after absence of oral contraceptives
53
TSS
Toxic Shock Syndrome, caused by toxins produced in bacterium, extensive tampon use
54
Menopause
cessation of menstruation as a result of aging process or surgical removal, hot flashes and night sweats
55
Climacteric
physiological changes that occur during transition period of fertility to infertility
56
Perimenopause
period before complete cessation of menstruation
57
HT
```
hormone therapy, supplemental hormones during/after menopause
three main sources:
estrogen
testosterone
progesterone
```
58
UTI
urinary tract infection caused by bacteria
59
Vaginitis
inflammation of vaginal walls caused by variety of vaginal infections
60
Pap smear
screening for cancer of cervix
61
Hysterectomy
removal of uterus, second most performed operation
62
Oophorectomy
removal of ovaries
63
Secondary sex characteristics
indicate sexual maturity, not genitals
64
Mammary glands
glands in breast that produce milk
65
BSE
breast self exam
66
Mammography
x-ray screening, helps detect cancerous cells
67
Masectomy
removal of breast (affects sexuality)
68
Penis
male sex organ consisting of internal root, external shaft, glans
69
Root
extends internally into pelvic activity, attached to pubic bone
70
Shaft
length of penis between glans and body
71
Glans
head of penis, richly endowed with nerve endings
72
Cavernous bodies (male)
structures in shaft that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
73
Spongy body
cylinder that forms bulb at base of penis, extends into shaft, forms glans
74
Foreskin
covering of skin over penile glans (male prepuce)
75
Corona
rim of penile glans
76
Frenulum
highly sensitive thin strip of skin, connects glans to shaft on underside of penis
77
Scrotum
scrotal sac, pouch of skin of external male genitals that enclose testes
78
Testis
male gonad inside scrotum, produces sperm
79
Spermatic cord
cord attached to testis, contains vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, muscle fibers
80
Vas deferens
sperm-carrying tube
81
Cremasteric reflex
sudden fear/stroke of inner thigh
82
Testes (two functions)
secretion of sex hormones, production of sperm
83
Cryptorchidism
one/both testes fails to descend (3-5% of infants)
84
Seminiferous tubules
thin, coiled structures in testes, sperm is produced
85
Interstitial cells
cells located between sem. tubules that are major source of androgen
86
Epididymis
structure along back of each testis in which sperm maturation occurs
87
Vasectomy
male sterilization procedure that involves removing section from vas deferens
88
Ejaculatory duct
two short ducts located within prostate gland
89
Seminal vesicles
small glands adjacent to terminals of vas deferens, secrete alkaline fluid
90
Prostate gland
structure about size/shape of walnut at base of bladder
91
Cowper's gland
two small structures located alongside base of urethra
92
Semen
fluids from prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper's gland
93
Erection
penis/clitoris engorges with blood, increase in size
94
Ejaculation
semen is expelled from body via penis
95
Emission phase
first stage of male orgasm, seminal fluid gathers
96
Expulsion phase
second stage of male orgasm, semen is expelled
97
Retrograde ejaculation
semen is expelled into bladder, happens with prostate surgery
98
Nocturnal Emission
ejaculation while sleeping
99
Phalloplasty
penis augmentation
100
GRS
genital retraction syndrome, male believes penis is "shrinking"
101
Koro
another word for GRS
102
% of men that are circumcised in US?
80%
103
Phimosis
extremely tight foreskin
104
Urology
study of male genital/urinary health
105
Smegma
cheesy substance of grandular secretions and skin cells that sometimes accumulate under foreskin/clitoris
106
Prostatis
prostate is enlarged/inflamed
107
BPH
benign prostatic hyperlasia, prostate gland increases in size
108
DRE
digital rectal examination
109
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
110
USPSTF
U.S. preventative services task force
111
Cerebral cortex
outer layer of brain's cerebrum that controls higher mental process
112
Limbic system
subcortical brain system composed of interrelated structures that influences sexual behavior
113
MPOA
medical preoptic area
114
Dopamine
neurotransmitter that facilitates sexual arousal and activity
115
Serotonin
neurotransmitter that inhibits arousal/activity
116
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
117
Erogenous zones
areas of body that are particularly responsive to sexual stimulation
118
Primary erog. zone
dense concentrations of nerve endings
119
Secondary erog. zone
erotic sensitivity through learning and experience
120
Pheromones
certain odors produced by body that relate to reproductive functions
121
VNO
vomeronasal organ
122
OE
olfactory epithelium
123
EST
estratetraenol, estrogen-like chemical found in female urine
124
AND
androstadienone, testosterone found in men's sweat
125
Aphrodisiac
named after Aphrodite, substance that arouses sexual desire and increases capacity for sexual activity
126
Anaphrodisiac
substance (drug) inhibits sexual desire
127
Antihypertensive
Drugs used for treating high blood pressure
128
Steroid hormones
sex hormones, hormons of adrenal cortex
129
Androgens
male sex hormones
130
Estrogens
female sex hormones
131
Neuropeptide hormones
chemicals produced in brain that influence sexuality
132
Oxytocin
"love hormone" produced in hypothalamus, influences sexual response
133
Libido
sexual desire
134
Orchidectomy
surgical procedure for removal of testes/castration
135
Hypogonadism
state of testosterone deficiency resulting from endocrine system diseases
136
ET
estrogen therapy
137
TRT
testosterone replacement theory
138
Kaplan's Three Stage Model
desire
excitement
orgasm
139
Masters & Johnson Four Phase Model
excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution
140
Refractory period
recovery stage in which there is a temporary inability to reach orgasm (male resolution stage)
141
Myotonia
muscle tension during sexual arousal
142
Sex flush
pink/red rash appears on chest during arousal (women)
143
Orgasm
muscular contractions of pelvic floor muscles occurring at peak of sexual arousal, only lasts a few seconds
144
PAP
prostatic acid phosphatase
145
Prolactin
pituitary hormone secreted
146
Multiple orgasms
more than one orgasm experienced within a short time
