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Crozer-Keystone > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones are there in the foot?

A

26

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2
Q

How many joints are in the foot?

A

35

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3
Q

What is the accessory ossicle between the 1st cuneiform and 1st/2nd met bases?

A

os intermetatarsium

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4
Q

What is the accessory ossicle located at the proximal 5th met base?

A

os vesalianum

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5
Q

What is another name of an accessory navicular?

A

os tibiale externum

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6
Q

What is the accessory bone of the dorsal aspect of the navicular?

A

os supranavicualre

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7
Q

Sesamoid bone in the PL tendon?

A

os peroneum

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8
Q

Accessory bone of the dorsal, anterior process of the calc?

A

os calcaneus secondarius

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9
Q

Accessory bone of the posterior aspect of the sustentaculum tali?

A

os sustentaculi

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10
Q

Accessory bone of the posterior aspect of the talus (aka lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus)?

A

os trigonum

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11
Q

What is the accessory bone distal to the medial malleolus?

A

os subtibiale

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12
Q

What is the accessory bone distal to the lateral malleolus?

A

os subfibulare

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13
Q

AVN of the tibial sesamoid?

A

Renandier

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14
Q

AVN of the fibular sesamoid?

A

Trevor

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15
Q

AVN of the phalanges?

A

Theiman

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16
Q

AVN of the met heads?

A

Freiberg

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17
Q

AVN of the 5th met base?

A

Iselen

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18
Q

AVN of the cuneiforms?

A

Buschke

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19
Q

AVN of the navicular?

A

Kohler

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20
Q

AVN of the cuboid?

A

Lance

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21
Q

AVN of the talus?

A

Diaz

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22
Q

AVN of the calcaneus?

A

Severe

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23
Q

AVN of the proximal, medial tibial epiphysis?

A

Blount

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24
Q

AVN of the tibial tuberosity?

A

Osgood-Schlatter

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25
AVN of the femoral epiphysis?
Legg-Calve-Perthes
26
What attaches periosteum to bone?
Sharpey fibers
27
What are the 3 different types of coalitions?
Syndesmosis - fibrous Snychondrosis - cartilaginous Synostosis - osseous
28
What is the difference between a coalition and a bar?
Coalition – intra-articular fusion of two bones | Bar – extra-articular fusion
29
What is the most common coalition in the foot?
Distal and middle phalanx of the 5th digit
30
What is the most common coalition in the rearfoot?
Talocalcaneal
31
What is a steida process?
Enlarged os trigonum
32
What is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origins or tendon insertions?
talus
33
What are the plantar muscle layers of the foot from superficial to deep?
1. abductor hallucis, FDB, abductor digiti minimi 2. QP, 4 lumbricals (2 tendons: FDL, FHL) 3. FHB, adductor hallucus, flexor digiti minimi brevis 4. Dorsal and Plantar Interossei (2 tendons: PL and TP)
34
The FDL is the origin for what and the insertion for?
Origin of the lumbricals and insertion for QP
35
What deformity will result from cutting the QP?
Digits 4 and 5 will become adductovarus
36
How is the EDL attached to the proximal phalanxes?
Sling wraps aronud capsule which attaches to the plantar plate, deep transverse metatarsal ligament, and flexor tendon sheath, thus attaching to the plantar proximal phalanx (no direct insertion to the proximal phalanx)
37
What is the origin and insertion of the capsularis tendon?
Origin: EHL Insertion: 1st MTPJ capsule
38
What is the master knot of henry?
Fibrous connection between the FHL and FDL tendons
39
What 6 structures attach to the fibular sesamoid?
1. FHB tendon 2. Adductor hallucis tendon 3. Plantar metatarsal-phalangeal ligament 4. Lateral metatarsal-sesamoidal ligament 5. intersesamoidal ligament 6. phalangeal-sesamoidal ligament
40
Are the sesamoids capsular or extra-capsular?
capsular
41
What is the Lisfranc ligament?
Attaches the lateral aspect of the medial cuneiform to the medial base of the 2nd met
42
What structures in the Lisfranc joint are not connected by ligaments?
1st and 2nd mets
43
What is another name for the spring ligament?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
44
What ligaments compose the bifurcate ligament?
1. dorsal calcaneonavicular ligament | 2. calcaneocuboid ligament
45
Which is stronger? The lateral ankle ligs or the deltoid?
deltoid
46
What are the components of the deltoid ligament?
Superificial: tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, posterior tibiotalar Deep: anterior tibiotalar
47
What 2 tendons pass over the deltoid ligament?
1. tibialis posterior | 2. peroneus longus
48
What are the lateral ankle ligaments?
Anterior talofibular Calcaneofibular Posterior talofibular
49
What angle do the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments create?
105 degrees
50
What is the strongest lateral ankle ligament?
Posterior talofibular
51
What ankle ligaments are extra-capsular? Which are capsular?
Extra-capsular: calcaneofibular ligament | Capsular: all the others
52
What 2 tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments?
Peroneus brevis and peroneus longus
53
What 3 ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis?
1. anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament 2. posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (aka the inferior transverse lig) 3. interosseous tibiofibular ligament
54
What is the Bassett ligament?
Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament
55
What is another name for the flexor retinaculum?
Lacinate ligament
56
What are 2 other names for the superior extensor retinaculum?
1. transverse crural ligament | 2. superior part of the anterior annular ligament
57
What are 4 other names for the inferior extensor retinaculum?
1. cruciate curral ligament (this was the only one in crozer) 2. ligamentum cruciatum of Weitbrecht 3. frondiform ligament of Retzius 4. Ligamentum lambodium
58
Where does the plantaris insert?
Medial aspect of tendo-achilles into the calc
59
What is the incidence of the peroneus quartus?
7%
60
What is the Hoke tonsil?
Fibrous, fatty plug within the sinus tarsi
61
What is the pes anserinus?
Insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosis into the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia where bursa may cause knee pain
62
What is a Baker’s cyst?
Swelling of the bursa between the tendons of the medial head of the gastroc and the semimembranosus muscles
63
What is a fabella?
Sesamoid bone occasionally found in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastroc
64
What nerves form the sural nerve?
1. medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve) | 2. sural communicating branch (branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve which originates from the common peroneal)
65
Does a neuorma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament?
plantar
66
Where do the interossei and lumbricals run in relation to the deep transverse intermetatrsal ligament?
Interossei – dorsal | Lumbricals – plantar
67
What layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run?
Medial plantar: 1st layer (between the abductor hallucis and FDB) Lateral plantar: between the 1st and 2nd layer
68
What are the only 4 muscles the medial plantar nerve innervates?
1. abductor hallucis 2. FHB 3. FDB 4. 1st lumbrical
69
What are the sources of blood supply to the talus?
1. superior surface of head/neck - Artery of sinus tarsi - Branch from the anterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis 2. medial side of body: - Artery of tarsal canal - Posterior tibial artery 3. lateral tubercle: - Anastomoses of branch of peroneal artery with medial calcaneal branch
70
What are the sources of blood supply to the tendons?
Myotendinous junction, paratenon, and at the insertion to bone

Crozer-Keystone (3 decks)

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