Anatomy Flashcards
(27 cards)
What arteries arise from the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk
(right common carotid and subclavian)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Name the veins that join to make the inferior vena cava
Inferior Vena Cava
At what plane level does the inferior vena cava enter the pericardium
T8
Name the veins which join to make up the superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins travel inferiorly through thoracic region. Drains into right atrium at 3rd Rib
At what plane level does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate into the pulmonary arteries.
T5-6
Name the division between the atria and the ventricles
Coronary Sulci
What are the names of the divisions separating the ventricles
Anterior and Posterior intraventricular sulci
What is the clinical relevance of the transverse pericardial sinus
Used to identify artery to ligate in a CABG
It is:
Posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Anterior to superior to vena cava
Superior to lever atrium.
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae
Coronary veins
Pumps the blood through the atrioventricular orifice into the right ventricle
Describe the role of the right auricle
a muscular pouch that acts to increase the capacity of the atrium.
Name and describe the two main parts of the right atrium
Sinus venarum- Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. Derived from sinus venosus
Atrium proper- includes right auricle. Rough muscular walls formed from by pectinate muscles
Where does the coronary sinus open
Between atrioventricular orifices and inferior vena cava orifice
Clinical Relevance of fossa oval is
Small oval shaped depression. Allows shunting of blood between atrias; closes normally once you take your first breath.
What is the inflow and outflow portion of the left atrium
Its iinternal surface is smooth and it is derived from the pulmonary veins themselve
Types of pectinate muscles which make up the trabeculae carneae
Ridges- Attached along entire inner surface of the ventricles
Bridges - Attached to ventricles at both ends. Free in the middle
Key role in conductive function
Pillars (Papillary) - anchored at bases. Apices attach to chords tendineae which in turns attaches to the 3 tricuspid valves
Conus arteriosus
Outflow portion to pulmonary arteries. Smooth with no trabeculae carneae
Aortic Vestibule
Outflow portion of the Left ventricle. Smooth wall with no trabeculae carneae.
Describe the electrical pathway in the heart
SAN -> AVN -> Bundle of His-> Purkinje Fibers
Electrical impulse R to L in atria, L to R in ventricles
What nerves regulate heart rate
Vague nerve (parasympathetic) Sympathetic nerves
What are the different type of heart blocks
First degree- PR greater than 0.2. When impulse takes longer to go from SAN to AVN
Mobitz I/ Wenckeback -PR lengthens followed by a loss beat (QRS). Mostly due to AVN problems
Mobitz II - Non conducting P waves. No PR prolongation. QRS complex is usually wide. Usually bundle of his disease
Third degree - P-P and QRS-QRS intervals regular but complete dissociation between P and QRS. Most common cause previous MI
RBBB: right bundle of his damaged. Impulse comes from left bundle branch. QRS widened. RSR’ in V1-3. Slurred S waves in 1,aVL, v5-6
LBBB: left bundle of his damaged. Left ventricle gets impulse from right side. QRS wide >120ms. Deep S wave in V1. Broad R waves and absence of Q waves in lateral (1, v5-6 maybe aVL)
Incomplete LBBB is when QRS<120 ms. Has rest of morphology
Branches of Right coronary artery (MI leads II,III, aVF, possible v3-v4)
Right marginal artery (anterior surface)
Posterior intraventricular artery (right posterior surface)
Branches of left coronary artery
Left anterior descending (anterior, leads V1-6 most likely v2,v1)
Left marginal artery (anterior surface)
Circumflex (left posterior surface, lateral leads I, aVL, V5-V6)
What area of the heart does the RCA supply
Right atrium
SA and AV nodes
Posterior part of intraventricular septum
What area of the heart does the right marginal artery supply
Right ventricle
Apex
