Anatomy Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the function of the ovary? Describe its general anatomy.
Produces gametes (exocrine function) and hormones (endocrine function - O+P).
Almond shaped with a pitted and scarred surface after ‘healing’ when an egg is released. Around 3cm in younger females but smaller in older.
What artery supplies the ovary?
Ovarian from aorta at the level of the renal artery.
What vein drains the ovary?
Ovarian vein to IVC on right and left renal vein on left.
Where does lymph from the ovary drain?
Aortic nodes at the level of renal vessels.
What ligaments suspend the female reproductive tract?
BROAD LIGAMENT
Double layer of peritoneum. Has mesovarium, mesosalpinx (uterine tube) and mesometrium.
OVARIAN LIGAMENT
Fibrous cord that links ovary to uterus.
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF THE OVARY
From the lateral wall of the pelvis to ovary. Carries the ovarian vessels.
Name the peritoneal reflection in the female reproductive tract. Why are they important?
Rectouterine and Uterovesical pouch.
Important as may be a sit of infection or endometriosis.
How long are the uterine tubes?
13cm
Name the parts of the uterine tube and their function.
Infundibulum: Funnel shaped opening to the periteoneal cavity fringed by fimbrae.
Ampulla: Middle section where fertilisation usually occurs.
Isthmus: Short narrow section connected to the uterine wall.
Uterine part.
Describe the shape of the uterus?
Inverted pear shape, flattened from front to back.
Define anteflexion and anteversion in relation to the uterus?
What is the opposite?
Anteflexion: Body of uterus is bent forward on the cervix.
Anteversion: Whole uterus is bent forward at a right angle to the vagina.
Around 20% of females show retroflexion and retroversion.
Name the parts of the uterus.
Body
Cervix: Cervical canal, internal and external os.
Fundus: Projects above the level of the uterine tubes.
Isthmus: Narrowing between body and cervix.
What artery supplies the uterus?
Uterine artery from the internal iliac artery.
What vein drains the uterus?
Uterine vein to internal iliac vein.
Where does lymph from the uterus drain?
Body to para-aortic nodes.
Cervix to internal iliac nodes.
Name the walls of the scrotum?
Skin Dartos muscle (smooth muscle that crinkles the skin) External spermatic fascia Cremaster fascia Internal spermatic fascia.
Name and describe the layers of the testis?
CREMASTER MUSCLE
Skeletal muscle deep to the dermis that runs in the spermatic cord. It contracts in colder weather to raise testes via the cremaster reflex.
TUNICA VAGINALIS
A closed sac of peritoneum. Has visceral and parietal layers, the space between which has a film of perionteal fluid.
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
Where sperm is made. They are arranged in lobules. The lobule ends with a straight tubule and all straight tubules join to the rete testis. Efferent ductules leave the rete testis to join the epidiymis.
What is caused by excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis?
A Hydrocoele.
Describe the epididymis?
Highly coiled tube continuous with the ductus deferns. Has a head, body and tail.
Lined by psuedostratified columar epithelia with stereocilia.
What is the function of the stereocilia in the epididymis?
Increased surface area for fluid absorption.
Can monitor and adjust fluid composition.
Describe the muscle in the wall of the ductus deferens?
Smooth muscle that contracts by peristalsis.
How long is the ductus deferns?
45cm.
Where does the ductus deferns run?
In the spermatic cord and through the inguinal canal.
Where do the seminal vesicles meet the ductus deferns?
The ductus deferns enlarges at the end (ampulla) and attaches to the seminal vesicles (they are an outpouching of the ductus).
What do the seminal vesicles secrete?
an alkaline viscous fluid which helps neutralise the vagina.
It also contains fructose for ATP production by sperm.
Also contains prostaglandins which aid in sperm motility and viability - thought to also stimulate muscle contraction in the female?
