Anatomy Flashcards
What are the biological functions of a carbohydrate?
short-term energy storage
What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide? Give an example of each.
Mono - one sweet thing
One subunit of a carbohydrate
Di - Two sweet things
Two mono’s bonded together
Poly - Many sweet things
Many mono bonded together
MONO - GLUCOSE
DI - MALTOSE
POLY - CELLULOSE
GMC
What are the biological functions of a protein?
Make up most cellular structures
Function as enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions
Act as chemical messengers
What is the sub-unit of a protein?
Amino Acids
What are the biological functions of lipids?
Longterm energy storage
Describe the components of the blood, and their functions.
Plasma - Liquid component of blood, used for transportation, mixture of sugar water fat protein and salts
RBC - Carry oxygen using a protein called hemoglobin
WBC - protects the body from infection, kinda the defense mechanism
Platelets - fragments of cells, help with blood clotting by
What are the functions of the nodes in the heart?
The SA node sends an electrical impulse through the atrium, top chamber causing them to contract and push blood into the ventricles, bottom chamber, the shock reaches the AV node which shocks the ventricles causing them to pump blood throughout the body
What are the main differences between veins and arteries?
Arteries are smaller in diameter with thicker walls allowing for more pressure, veins are larger in diameter with thinner walls so there is less pressure, valves in veins stop blood from going the wrong way
How is the structure of the vein suited to its function?
Thinner walls allow for more blood to be transferred
Valves stop blood from flowing backwords
How is the structure of the capillary suited to its function?
Their walls are very thin to allow substances to easily and quickly diffuse, or pass through them.
Only large enough for one red blood cell to pass through at a time
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure? What does each number in the blood pressure reading of 120/80 stand for? Name the instrument used to measure blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure (the upper number) — indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when the heart beats.
Diastolic blood pressure (the lower number) — indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting between beats.
120/80 mm of mercury
How does the structure of the alveoli relate to its function?
Walls are extremely thin.
They have a large surface area in relation to volume.
They are fluid lined enabling gases to dissolve.
They are surrounded by numerous capillaries.
What is an enzyme
a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Explain the process of inhalation and exhalation.
Diaphragm contracts, we breath in
Diaphragm relaxes, we exhale
Explain the basic way that the body controls the breathing rate.
The medulla oblongata acts as the control center for breathing, it detects the oxygen levels in the blood, if the oxygen level is too low it sends signals to the diaphragm to contract thus you breath faster
