Anatomy

Question 1

What is a mucosa?

Answer 1

Epithilium and lamina propria

Question 2

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 2

Defecnce against infection (tonsils)
Swallowing
Airway protection

Question 3

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 3

Transpor from pharynx to stomach

Question 4

What is the function of the large intestine and anus?

Answer 4

Transit, Reabsorbtion of water and electrolytes, stool formation and waste excretion

Question 5

What organs are part of the upper GI tract?

Answer 5

Oral cavity, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine

Question 6

Which organs are part of the lower GI tract?

Answer 6

Caecum, Appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal and anus

Question 7

When does the upper GI tract become the lower GI tract?

Answer 7

ileocecal junction

Question 8

What feature does the GI tract have to prevent poisons?

Answer 8

Special sensory receptors: taste buds

Question 9

What feature does the GI tract have to prevent sharp objects/hot/cold substances?

Answer 9

General sensory receptors

Question 10

What feature does the GI tract have to prevent bacteria viruses?

Answer 10

Saliva, tonsils and stomach acid

Question 11

What feature does the GI tract have to prevent obstruction?

Answer 11

Chewing, lubrication, swallowing and peristalsis

Question 12

What feature does the GI tract have to prevent aspiration?

Answer 12

Cough reflex

Question 13

How do we prevent drooling?

Answer 13

Muscles of facial expression and orbicularis oris is the circular muscle surrounding the mouth that lays within the lips.

Question 14

Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?

Answer 14

Between the superficial fascia and the fascial skeleton

Question 15

What epithilium lines the oral cavity?

Answer 15

Stratified squamous epithilium

Question 16

Where is keritinised stratified squamous epithilium present in the mouth?

Answer 16

Gingivae and hard palate.

Question 17

Saliva is 99% water but is a solute allowing what?

Answer 17

Taste to occur

Question 18

Mucin is found in saliva, why?

Answer 18

Lubricant to aid swallowing and speech and to keep mucosa moist

Question 19

What buffers plaque acid, contains amylase and antimicrobial elements?

Answer 19

Saliva

Question 20

What are the minor salivary glands?

Answer 20

1000s in oral mucosa and basal secretion is continuous to keep the mouth moist

Question 21

What stimulates salivation?

Answer 21

Thourght, sight, smell of food or presence of food in the mouth
Painful conditions- teething/fractured mandible

Question 22

What cells line the pharynx?

Answer 22

Non- keratenised stratified epithilium

Question 23

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 23

Nasopharynx- superior to the soft palate
Oropharynx- between soft palate and epiglottis
Laryngopharynx- between epiglottis and oesophagus

Question 24

What reduces the chance of aspiration?

Answer 24

Raising of the larynx towards the pharynx and the cough reflex

Question 25

What is the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 25

Opening to the airway

Question 26

Why are children more likely to choke?

Answer 26

Floppy epiglottis

Question 27

What lines the oesophagus?

Answer 27

Non keratinised stratified epithilium

Question 28

What type of muscle is in the wall of the oesophagus?

Answer 28

Skeletal muscle superiorly transitioning to smooth muscle inferiorly

Question 29

What level does the oesophagus peirce the diaphragm?

Answer 29

T10

Question 30

What forms the abdominal cavity?

Answer 30

Bones- ribs spine and pelvis | Muscle- Diaphragm, back and anterolateral wall

Question 31

Where is the small intestine located?

Answer 31

All 4 quadrants

Question 32

How is the small intestine attached to the body wall?

Answer 32

Mesentry

Question 33

Is the illeum inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 33

Intraperitoneal

Question 34

Is the jujenum inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 34

Intraperitoneal

Question 35

Is the duodenum inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 35

Both

Question 36

What is mesentary and what are its functions?

Answer 36

Double layer of peritoneum. Connects intraperitoeneal organ to body wall Allows passage of neurovasculature

Question 37

Where is the large intestine located?

Answer 37

All 4 quadrants

Question 38

What are the 2 flectures of the colon and which is higher?

Answer 38

``` Hepatic flecture Splenic flecture (higher) ```

Question 39

Is the ascending colon inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 39

Reteroperitoneal

Question 40

Is the transverse colon inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 40

Intraperitoneal

Question 41

Is the descending colon inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 41

Retroperitoneal

Question 42

Is the sigmoid colon inra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 42

Intraperitoneal

Question 43

What type of muscle is the wall of the rectum and anal canal?

Answer 43

Smooth muscle

Question 44

What type of muscle forms the anal sphincter?

Answer 44

Skeletal muscle

Question 45

What is the function of circular and longitudinal muscle in the wall of the GI tract?

Answer 45

Circular muscle narrows the lumen | Longitudinal muscle shortens the tube

Question 46

What is the bodies respose to an obstruction in the GI tract?

Answer 46

Increase peristalsis proximal to the site of obstruction to remove it

Question 47

Why is colicky pain a pain that comes and goes?

Answer 47

Peristalsis