Anatomy Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
Human skeleton has ___ bones.
A
206
2
Q
Number of bones in the axial skeleton.
A
80
3
Q
Number of bones in appendicular skeleton.
A
126
4
Q
First bone in body to ossify.
A
Clavicle.
5
Q
Primary shoulder stabilizer in anterior translation with the arm abducted to 45 degrees.
A
Middle glenohumeral ligament.
6
Q
Primary shoulder restraint in external rotation of the adducted arm.
A
Superior glenohumeral ligament.
7
Q
Primary shoulder stabilizer for anterior and inferior translation in abduction.
A
Inferior glenohumeral ligament.
8
Q
Intrinsic ligaments of the scapula (3).
A
- Superior transverse scapular ligament
- Inferior transverse scapular ligament
- Coracoacromial ligament
9
Q
Muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column (4).
A
- Trapezius
- Latissimus
- Rhomboid muscles
- Levator scapulae
10
Q
Muscle connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall (3).
A
- Pectoralis muscle
- Subclavius
- Serratus anterior
11
Q
Roots contributing to the brachial plexus.
A
C5-T1
12
Q
How cords of the brachial plexus are named.
A
Anatomic relationship to the axillary artery.
13
Q
Brachial plexus lateral cord terminations (2).
A
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Lateral pectoral nerve
- Median nerve
14
Q
Brachial plexus posterior cord terminations (5).
A
- Radial nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Upper subscapular nerve
- Lower subscapular nerve
- Thoracodorsal nerve
15
Q
Brachial plexus medial cord terminations (5).
A
- Ulnar nerve
- Medial pectoral nerve
- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
- Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
16
Q
Supraspinatus innervation.
A
Suprascapular nerve.
17
Q
Infraspinatus innervation.
A
Suprascapular nerve.
18
Q
Teres minor innervation.
A
Axillary nerve.
19
Q
Subscapularis innervation.
A
Upper and lower subscapular nerves.
20
Q
Suprascpular nerve roots.
A
C5,6
21
Q
Axillary nerve roots.
A
C5,6
22
Q
Erb-Duchenne palsy root involvement.
A
C5,6
23
Q
Klumpke’s palsy root involvement.
A
C8,T1
24
Q
Better prognosis, Erb-Duchenne palsy or Klumpke’s?
A
Erb-Duchenne
25
Serratus anterior muscle dysfunction results in this.
Medial scapular winging.
26
Trapezius muscle dysfunction results in this.
Lateral scapular winging.
27
Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery.
1. Deltoid
2. Acromial
3. Pectoralis
4. Clavicular
28
Two branches of axillary artery in Part II.
1. Thoracoacromial
| 2. Lateral thoracic
29
Three branches of axillary artery in Part III.
1. Subscapular
2. Anterior humeral circumflex
3. Posterior humeral circumflex
30
Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery here.
After passes under clavicle.
31
Relationship to this structure organizes classification of axillary artery.
Pectoralis minor.
32
Glenoid position relative to plane of scapula.
Retroverted 5 deg.
33
Spiral groove of humerus position relative to the articular surface of trochlea.
13cm proximal.
34
Strongest of all elbow ligaments.
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.
35
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament taut during this range.
60 to full extension.
36
Components of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (3).
1. Anterior bundle
2. Transverse bundle
3. Posterior bundle
37
Eponym of transverse bundle of ulnar collateral ligament.
Cooper.
38
This is the most important constraint against valgus force at the elbow.
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.
39
Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament attaches here.
18mm distal to tip of coronoid.
40
Deficiency of this results in posterolateral rotatory instability.
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament.
41
Borders of the quadrilateral space.
1. Superior: teres minor
2. Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
3. Medial: long head of triceps
4. Inferior: teres major
42
Structures in the quadrilateral space (2).
1. Axillary nerve
| 2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery
43
Borders of the triangular space.
1. Superior: teres minor
2. Lateral: long head of triceps
3. Medial: teres major
44
Borders of the triangular interval.
1. Superior: teres major
2. Lateral: shaft of humerus
3. Medial: long head of triceps
45
Structures in the triangular interval (2).
1. Radial nerve
| 2. Profunda brachii artery
46
Structure in the triangular space.
Circumflex scapular artery.
47
Radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum here in relation to the trochlea.
7.5cm proximal to trochlea.
48
Median nerve accompanies this structure in the arm.
Brachial artery.
49
Termination of the musculocutanous nerve.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
50
Brachial artery bifurcates into these (2).
1. Radial artery
| 2. Ulnar artery
51
Kocher interval to elbow.
Between anconeus (radial n.) and ECU (PIN).
52
Portals for elbow arthroscopy (3).
1. Anterolateral portal
2. Anteromedial portal
3. Posteromedial portal
53
Structure at risk with anterolateral arthroscopy portal of elbow.
Radial nerve.
54
Structure at risk with anteromedial arthroscopy portal of elbow (2)
1. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
| 2. Median nerve
55
Distal radioulnar joint most stable in this position.
Supination.
56
Innervation of pronator teres.
Median nerve.
57
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis.
Median nerve.
58
Innervation of palmaris longus.
Median nerve.
59
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris.
Ulnar nerve.
60
Innervation flexor digitorum superficialis.
Median nerve.
61
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus.
Median (AIN) and ulnar nerves
62
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus.
Median (AIN) nerve
63
Innervation of pronator quadratus.
Median (AIN) nerve
64
Innervation of brachioradialis.
Radial nerve.
65
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus.
Radial nerve.
66
Innervation of extensor carpi radlis brevis.
Radial nerve.
67
Innervation of anconeus.
Radial nerve.
68
Innervation of extensor digitorum.
PIN
69
Innervation of extensor digiti minimi.
PIN
70
Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris.
PIN
71
Innervation of supinator.
PIN
72
Innervation of abductor pollicis longus.
PIN
73
Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis.
PIN
74
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus.
PIN
75
Innervation of extensor indicis proprius.
PIN
76
This nerve splits the supinator.
PIN
77
This nerve is located between the brachialis and brachioradialis.
Radial nerve
78
This nerve is located between the brachioradialis and ECRL.
Superficial radial nerve.
79
This nerve is located medial to the brachial artery at the elbow.
Median nerve.
80
This nerve splits the pronator teres.
AIN
81
This nerve is located between the FCU and FDP.
Ulnar nerve.
82
The ulnar nerve enters the forearm at this region.
Between two heads of the FCU.
83
Strongest supporting structure of the carpus.
Volar radiocarpal ligament.
84
Dorsal wrist compartment I contents.
APL, EPB
85
Dorsal wrist compartment II contents.
ECRL, ECRB
86
Dorsal wrist compartment III contents.
EPL
87
Dorsal wrist compartment IV contents.
EDC, EIP
88
Dorsal wrist compartment V contents.
EDM
89
Dorsal wrist compartment VI contents.
ECU
90
The EPB is located _____ to the APL tendon.
ulnar
91
This dorsal wrist tendon has multiple tendon slips.
APL
92
The ECRL tendon is located ____ to the ECRB tendon.
Radial.
93
The PIN is contained within the ____ dorsal wrist compartment.
IV
94
The anatomic snuffbox is bordered by tendons of the ___ and ___ dorsal wrist compartments.
1. First
| 2. Third
95
Radial snuffbox border.
EPB tendon
96
Ulnar snuffbox border.
EPL tendon
97
The carpal tunnel contains ___ nerve and ____ tendons.
One nerve, Nine tendons.
98
Most critical pulley.
A2
99
This pulley is involved in trigger digits.
A1
100
These pulleys originate from the palmar plates of joints.
A1, A3, A5 pulleys
101
Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis.
Median nerve.
102
Innervation of opponens pollicis.
Median nerve.
103
Innervation of adductor pollicis.
Ulnar nerve.
104
Innervation of dorsal interossei.
Ulnar nerve.
105
Innervation of volar interossei.
Ulnar nerve.
106
Interval of the dorsal approach to the wrist.
Between third and fourth dorsal compartments.
107
Number of vertebrae.
33.
108
Number of cervical vertebrae.
7.
109
Number of thoracic vertebrae.
12.
110
Number of lumbar vertebrae.
5.
111
Spine level of mandible.
C2-3
112
Spine level of hyoid cartilage.
C3
113
Spine level of thyroid cartilage.
C4-5
114
Spine level of cricoid cartilage.
C6
115
Spine level of vertebra prominens.
C7
116
Spine level of scapular spine.
T3
117
Spine level of distal tip of scapula.
T7
118
Spine level of iliac crest.
L4-5
119
This spine articulation has highest percentage of neck flexion/extension.
Occiput-C1 articulation.
120
This spine articulation is responsible for majority of neck rotation.
C1-2
121
Carotid tubercle is found at this spine level.
C6
122
Defect in the pars interarticularis.
Spondylolysis.
123
Structures of anterior column of spine.
ALL, anterior 2/3 of annulus and vertebral body
124
Structures of the middle column of spine.
Posterior 1/3 of annulus and vertebral body, PLL
125
Structures of the posterior column of spine.
Pedicles, facets, facet capsules, spinous processes, interspinous ligaments, ligament flavum, supraspinous ligaments
126
Major stabilizer of the atlantoaxial joint.
Transverse ligament.
127
Annulus fibrosus composed of this type of collagen.
Type I.
128
Central nucleus pulposus made of this type of collagen.
Type II.
129
Intervertebral discs account for ____ of the total height of the spinal column
25%
130
Platysma innervation.
Cranial nerve VII.
131
Sternocleidomastoid muscle innervation.
Cranial nerve XI.
132
Function of dorsal columns (3).
1. Deep touch
2. Proprioception
3. Vibratory sense
133
Dorsal columns: ascending or descending?
Ascending.
134
Function of lateral spinothalamic tracts (2).
1. Pain
| 2. Temperature
135
Function of anterior spinothalamic tracts.
Light touch.
136
Function of lateral corticospinal tract.
Voluntary motor.
137
Lateral corticospinal tract: ascending or descending?
Descending.
138
Biceps reflex neurologic level.
C5
139
Brachioradialis reflex neurologic level.
C6
140
Triceps reflex neurologic level.
C7
141
Patellar reflex neurorogic level.
L4
142
Achilles reflex neurologic level.
S1
143
Deltoid muscle neurologic level.
C5
144
Wrist extension neurologic level.
C6
145
Wrist flexion neurologic level.
C7
146
Finger flexion neurologic level.
C8
147
Interossei neurologic level.
T1
148
Tibialis anterior neurologic level.
L4
149
Toe extensors neurologic level.
L5
150
Distance of C1 spinous process to vertebral artery laterally.
2cm
151
Supplies the interior 2/3 or anterior spinal cord.
Artery of Adamkiewicz
152
Hip extension neurologic level.
S1
153
Hip adduction neurologic level.
L2-4
154
Hip abduction neurologic level.
L5
155
Hip flexion neurologic level.
T12-L3
156
Knee flexion neurologic level.
L5,S1
157
Knee extension neurologic level.
L2-L4
158
Ankle dorsiflexion neurologic level.
L4,5
159
Ankle plantarflexion neurologic level.
S1,S2
160
AIIS is the origin of these two structures.
1. Rectus femoris
| 2. Iliofemoral ligament
161
Inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen.
Sacrospinous ligament.
162
Most common neural injury at time of primary THA.
Peroneal division of sciatic nerve.
163
This nerve lies on the anteromedial surface of the psoas.
Genitofemoral nerve.
164
The femoral nerve lies between these two muscles most proximally.
Iliacus and psoas.
165
The LFCN exist the pelvis here.
Under lateral attachment of the inguinal ligament.
166
Borders of the femoral triangle.
1. Sartorius
2. Pectineus
3. Inguinal ligament
167
The aorta branches into common iliacs here.
L4.
168
Common iliac vessels bifurcate here.
S1
169
This cruciate ligament of knee has an anteromedial bundle.
ACL
170
This cruciate ligament of the knee has an anterolateral bundle.
PCL
171
________ bundles of ACL and PCL are tight in flexion.
Anterior bundles.
172
Isolated injury to PCL causes the greatest instability at this degree of flexion.
90 deg
173
Isolated injury to the posterolateral corner causes greatest instability at this degree fo flexion.
30 deg
174
Muscles in anterior compartment of leg (4).
1. Tibialis anterior
2. EHL
3. EDL
4. Peroneus tertius
175
Muscles in lateral compartment of leg (2).
1. Peroneus longus
| 2. Peroneus brevis
176
Muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of leg (2).
1. gastroc-soleus complex
| 2. Plantaris
177
Muscles in the deep posterior compartment of leg (4).
1. Popliteus
2. FHL
3. FDL
4. Tibalis posterior
178
Primary blood supply to talar body.
Artery of the tarsal canal (posterior tibial artery).
179
Blood supply to talus consists of these three.
1. Artery of tarsal canal (posterior tib.)
2. Superior neck vessels (anterior tib.)
3. Artery of the tarsal sinus (dorsalis pedis)
180
This tendon runs beneath the sustentaculum tali.
FHL
181
Initiator of hindfoot inversion during gait.
Posterior tibial tendon.
182
Two branches of the tibial nerve at the foot.
Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
183
Anterolateral ankle arthroscopy portal danger.
Dorsal intermediate cutaneous branch of SPN.
184
Anteromedial ankle arthroscopy portal danger.
Saphenous vein.
185
Lisfranc ligament connects these two bones.
Medial cuneiform to 2nd metatarsal.
186
Plantar heel spurs originate here.
In the flexor digitorum brevis.
