Anatomy Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the manubrium articulate with?
clavicles, 1st pair of ribs, 2nd pair of ribs at sternal angle, body of sternum at sternal angle
What does the body of the sternum articulate with?
manubrium, costal cartilage 2-7, xiphoid process
What does the xyphoid process articulate with?
body of sternum, vertebral level of T8
Superior thoracic aperture boundaries
body of T1, 1st ribs, manubrium
Inferior Thoracic Aperture Boundaries
body of T12, ribs 11 and 12, xyphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 7-10, diaphragm
Where do intercostal nerves come from?
ventral primary rami of T1-T11
Where does the phrenic N. come from and what does it supply?
C3-C5; pain and irritation (sensory) for mediastinal pleura, pericardium, and middle of diaphragm; motor innervation for diaphragm
What arteries supply the intercostal spaces?
Posterior Intercostal As. - 3-11 Supreme thoracic A. - 1-2 Supreme intercostal A. - 1-2 Anterior Intercostal As. - 1-6 Musculophrenic A. - 7-9
Describe the divisions of the bronchi
Right/Left primary (main) bronchi -> secondary (lobar) bronchi (to lobes of lungs) -> tertiary (segmented) bronchi (to bronchopulmonary segements) -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles -> alveoli
How many bronchial As are there? Where do they come from? Where do bronchial Vs drain to?
3 total arteries (2 left and 1 right) that come from descending aorta; bronchial Vs drain into Azygos V. (which then drains into superior vena cava)
Describe the order of lymphatics from the lungs
Pulmonary lymph nodes -> bronchopulmonary lymph nodes (hilum) -> tracheobronchial (bifurcation of trachea) -> tracheal -> right/left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk
Describe the layers of the heart (outside to inside)
Fibrous pericardium -> parietal serous pericardium -> visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) -> myocardium -> endocardium -> fibrous skeleton of heart along w/ membranous part of inter ventricular septum
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
remnant of ductus arteriosus that connected the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch
What is the fossa ovalis?
depression on interatrial septum of RA; remnant of foramen ovale that connected the left and right atria; if left open after birth -> atrial septal defect
Describe the conduction system of the heart
SA node (right atrial wall) -> AV node (RA near opening for coronary sinus) -> atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) -> right and left bundle branches -> subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)
5 Areas to Listen to the Heart
Aortic - right 2nd
Pulmonary - left 2nd
Erb’s point S1, S2) - left 3rd
Tricuspid - lower left sternal border (4th intercostal)
Mitral - left 5th medial to midclavicular line
Superior Mediastinum Contents
Thymus Great vessels Vagus & Phrenic N. Recurrent laryngeal N. Cardiac pulmonary plexus of nerves Trachea Esophagus Thoracic Duct Prevertebral M.
Posterior Mediastinum Contents
Thoracic aorta Thoracic duct Lymph nodes Azygos and hemiazygos Vs Esophagus Vagus N. Esophageal plexus Thoracic sympathetic trunks Thoracic splanchnic Ns.
What makes up the esophageal plexus?
combination of right and left vagus Ns. -> forms anterior and posterior vagal trunks on esophagus
4 Constriction points of esophagus
cricopharyngeal muscle in cervical region
aortic arch
left main bronchus
diaphragm
What makes up greater splanchnic N. and where does it travel?
T5-T9; relays to celiac ganglion
What makes up less splanchnic N. and where does it travel?
T10-T11; relays to superior mesenteric ganglia and aorticorenal ganglion
What makes up least splanchnic N. and where does it travel?
T12; renal plexus
