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Anatomy > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS vs the PNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord vs spinal and cranial nerves

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2
Q

Myelin in the CNS vs PNS?

A

Meninges and epineurium

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3
Q

Nerve bodies in the CNS vs PNS?

A

Nuclei vs ganglion

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4
Q

Axon bundles in the CNS vs PNS?

A

Tracts vs nerves

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5
Q

Groove + elevated bits of the brain?

A

Sulci + gyri

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6
Q

The brain stem descends through the?

A

Foramen magnum

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7
Q

Order of the brain stem top to bottom?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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8
Q

Name cranial nerves I-XII?

A

Olfactory, Oculomotor, Optic, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accesory, Hypoglossal

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9
Q

What colours are the outer and inner spinal cord?

A

Outer white and inner grey

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10
Q

Pairs of spinal nerves?

A

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral

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11
Q

Number of vertebrae?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord end and what does it form?

A

Between L1-L3 and the cauda equina

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13
Q

How do pairs of spinal nerves arise?

A

Run from the intervertebral foraminae above vertebrae until C8 then arise below

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14
Q

Signals going in and out spinal nerves summary?

A
  • Afferent sensory signal passes through dorsal root ganglion into dorsal rootlets
  • Efferent motor signals exit ventrally through ventral rootlets
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15
Q

How do sensory signals enter the spinal cord?

A

Dorsally

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16
Q

How do motor signals exit the spinal cord?

A

Ventrally

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17
Q

Horns of the inner grey matter?

A

Dorsal, ventral and lateral (only in sympathetic chain)

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18
Q

Formation of spinal nerve?

A
  • Dorsal rootlets join with ventral rootlets
  • This means there is a mix of motor and sensory fibres
  • Spinal nerve splits after rootlets join into dorsal and ventral rami
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19
Q

What does the dorsal rami supply?

A

Dorsal 1/3 of the body + no limbs

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20
Q

What does the ventral rami supply?

A

Ventral 2/3 of the body + limbs

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21
Q

Name of segments supplies by nerve pairs?

A

Dermatomes

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22
Q

Nipple dermatome?

A

T4

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23
Q

Umbilical dermatome?

A

T10

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24
Q

Sympathetic chains runs from?

A

T1-L2

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25
Q

Parasympathetic outflow runs from?

A

CN III, VII, IX and S2,3,4

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26
Q

What lobe controls the somatosensory area?

A

The parietal

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27
Q

What lobe supplies the somatomotor area?

A

The frontal

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28
Q

Upper and motor neurons are on what side to the area of movement?

A

Upper = opposite and lower = same

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29
Q

Division of the thoracic cavity that the heart is?

A

Mediastinum

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30
Q

How is the mediastinum divided?

A

Superior and inferior (anterior, middle and posterior)

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31
Q

What part of the mediastinum does the heart sit in?

A

Middle inferior

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32
Q

What part of the mediastinum does the aortic arch sit in?

A

Superior

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33
Q

Layers of the heart (outer to inner)?

A

Pericardium, epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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34
Q

Layers of the pericardium?

A

Outer fibrous and inner serous

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35
Q

Sub-layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Visceral and parietal

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36
Q

Connects AV valve to ventricles?

A

Chordae tendinea and papillary muscles

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37
Q

All valves have 3 cusps except?

A

Mitral

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38
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise?

A

At the coronary ostia of the ascending aorta

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39
Q

Where does the coronary ostia lie?

A

Just above the aortic valve

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40
Q

How many pulmonary veins?

A

4

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41
Q

How many pulmonary arteries?

A

2

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42
Q

4 parts of the aorta?

A

Ascending, arch, thoracic, abdominal

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43
Q

What makes up the descending aorta?

A

Thoracic + abdominal

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44
Q

Branches of the thoracic aorta?

A

Intercostal, bronchial, mediastinal, oesophageal, phrenic, pericardial

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45
Q

Branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

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46
Q

Branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephallic, left common carotid and left subclavian

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47
Q

Branches of the braciocephallic artery?

A

Right common carotid and right subclavian

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48
Q

Branches of the subclavian arteries?

A

Vertebral, internal thoracic and axillary

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49
Q

Blood flow to the arms?

A

Axillary, brachial, radial/ulnar

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50
Q

The axillary artery is a branch of the?

A

Subclavian artery

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51
Q

3 branches of the abdominal aorta that stick out anteriorly?

A

Coeliac, SMA and IMA

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52
Q

Paired arteries between the SMA and IMA?

A

Renal and gonadal

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53
Q

Abdominal aorta bifurcates into?

A

Left and right iliac

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54
Q

Iliac arteries bifurcate into?

A

Internal ad external

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55
Q

Only unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Median sacral

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56
Q

Veterbral level of coeliac trunk?

A

T12

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57
Q

Vertebral level of SMA?

A

L1

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58
Q

Vertebral level of renal arteries?

A

L1

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59
Q

Vertebral level of gonadal arteries?

A

L2

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60
Q

Vertebral level of IMA?

A

L3

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61
Q

Vertebral level of IVC bifurcation?

A

L5

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62
Q

Vertebral level of abdominal aorta bifurcation?

A

L4

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63
Q

Branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Right marginal and posterior interventricular

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64
Q

Branches of left coronary artery?

A

LAD/anterior interventricular and circumflex

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65
Q

Anastomoses of the coronary arteries?

A

Posterior + anterior interventricular and circumflex + right coronary artery in atrioventricular groove

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66
Q

Large vein that drains heart smaller veins?

A

Coronary sinus

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67
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain into?

A

RA

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68
Q

Position of IVC and descending aorta in relation to eachother?

A

Aorta on left and IVC on right

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69
Q

What side of the body does the azygous vein run?

A

Right

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70
Q

Vertebral level of the arch of the azygous vein + what side of the body does it run?

A

T4 + right

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71
Q

The azygous veins joint on to the?

A

SVC

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72
Q

What does the azygous vein do?

A

Drain blood from the posterior intercostals

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73
Q

Name for muscle dividing right and left side of the heart?

A

Septum

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74
Q

Flaps on the atria?

A

Auricles

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75
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and what forms it?

A

Phrenic and C3,4,5

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76
Q

The phrenic nerve runs?

A

Anterior over the lung base and across the pericardium

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77
Q

The vagus nerve runs?

A

Posterior to lung base and behind the heart

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78
Q

Space behind great vessels?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

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79
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis and what was it called when open?

A

RA and foramen ovale

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80
Q

Region an artery supplies?

A

Its territory

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81
Q

The vertebral arteries join to form?

A

Basilar artery

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82
Q

Verterbral arteries run?

A

Through the transverse foramina and though the foramen magnum

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83
Q

Carotid sheaths are made of?

A

Deep fascia

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84
Q

Carotid sheaths contain?

A

Vagus nerve, carotids and internal jugular vein

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85
Q

What forms the BBB?

A

Tight junctions between brain capillary epithelium

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86
Q

CNS support/myelin producing cells vs PNS?

A

Astrocytes vs Schwann cells

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87
Q

Function of an anastomose?

A

Provides alternate routes for blood flow

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88
Q

Alternate routes of an anastomose?

A

Collaterals

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89
Q

Disadvantage of anastomoses?

A

Collaterals bleed from both sides

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90
Q

Arteries with no alternate routes?

A

End-arteries

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91
Q

7 common pulses?

A

Carotid, radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis

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92
Q

Right lymph duct runs?

A

Under clavicle into right venous angle

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93
Q

Thoracic duct runs?

A

Over clavicle into left venous angle

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94
Q

Function of lymph system?

A

Carries tissue fluid leaked from capillaries to nodes for screening then back into systemic circulation

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95
Q

2 types of bone?

A

Outer cortical and inner cancellous

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96
Q

Areas of the bone?

A

Diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis and epiphyseal growth plate

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97
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate undergoes … to from adult bone?

A

Endochondral ossification

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98
Q

Outer sleeve of bone?

A

Periosteum

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99
Q

Bone marrow changes colour from?

A

Red to yellow

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100
Q

5 types of bone?

A

Flat, long, irregular, sesamoid and short

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101
Q

How do new bones heal?

A

Periosteum covers break and allows callus to form

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102
Q

Common breaks in children?

A

Clavicle and neck of femur

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103
Q

The skull is divided into the?

A

Viscerocranium and neurocranium

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104
Q

Name the 10 bones you need to know of the skull?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, maxilla, mandible, occipital, nasal, ethmoid and zygomatic

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105
Q

Le Fort I?

A

Upper lip area of maxilla

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106
Q

Le Fort II?

A

Maxilla + nasal

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107
Q

Le Fort III

A

Maxilla + nasal + zygomatic

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108
Q

What is a foramen?

A

A hole

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109
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A dent

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110
Q

Regions of the mandible?

A

Mental process with mental foramen, body of the mandible, ramus, coronoid (anterior) and condylar (posterior) process

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111
Q

Primary vs secondary curvatures face?

A

In vs out

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112
Q

Regions of the single vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body, pedicle, transverse foramina, trasnverse process, articular process, lamina, spinous process

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113
Q

The pedicle connects?

A

The vertebral body to transverse process

114
Q

The lamina connects?

A

The spinous process to the transverse process

115
Q

The transverse process attaches to?

A

The ribs

116
Q

Function of the articular process?

A

Joints vertebrae via facet joints

117
Q

True ribs?

A

1-7

118
Q

False ribs?

A

8-10

119
Q

Floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

120
Q

Ribs attach to sternum via?

A

Costal cartilage

121
Q

5 types of muscle?

A

Circular, flat + aponeurosis, fusiform, pennate, quadrate

122
Q

Example of circular muscle?

A

Oribicularis oris

123
Q

Example of fusiform muscle?

A

Biceps brachii

124
Q

Example of flat muscle with aponeurosis?

A

External oblique

125
Q

Example of pennate muscle?

A

Deltoid

126
Q

Example of quadrate muscle?

A

Rectus abdominis

127
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

Flattened tendon

128
Q

Divisions of the lower leg?

A

Posterior, lateral and anterior

129
Q

Divisions of the thigh?

A

Posterior, medial and anterior

130
Q

Divisions of the upper arm?

A

Posterior and anterior

131
Q

Deltoid muscle origins and insertion?

A

Spine of the scapula, acromion process, lateral clavicle and deltoid tuberosity of humerous

132
Q

Are tendons contractile?

A

No

133
Q

Function of tendons?

A

Join muscle to bone at their origin and insertion

134
Q

C1 name and feature?

A

Atlas and no spinous process

135
Q

C2 name and feature?

A

Axis and odontoid process

136
Q

C7 name and feature?

A

Vertebra prominens and first palpable process

137
Q

Most stable type of joint?

A

Fibrous

138
Q

Least stable type of joint?

A

Synovial

139
Q

Types of fibrous joint?

A

Syndemoses, synchondroses and symphyses

140
Q

Syndemoses joint feature and examples?

A

Join bones via fibrous membrane and fontanelle and suture joints

141
Q

Synchondroses/ secondary cartilaginous joint feature + example?

A

Joins hyaline cartilage to bone + spinal vertebrae

142
Q

Sympheses joint feature?

A

Fibrocartilage

143
Q

Synovial joints are?

A

2 or more bones articulating in a fluid synovial cavity

144
Q

TMJ summary?

A
  • Synovial joint between condylar process and articular tubercle of the parietal bone
  • Articular disc splits cavity into superior and inferior
145
Q

Function of the synovial TMJ joint?

A

Allows condylar process to glide over articular tubercle

146
Q

Layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

147
Q

Pouch between bladder and uterus

A

Vesico-uterine pouch

148
Q

Pouch on the posterior uterus and function?

A

Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas) and collects abnormal fluid

149
Q

Journey of ovum summary?

A
  • Released from ovary into peritoneum
  • Fimbriae move ovum into infundibulum
  • Cilia move ovum down uterine tube into ampulla
150
Q

Normal fertilisation takes place?

A

In ampulla

151
Q

Ectopic pregnancy?

A

Zygote implants outside ampulla

152
Q

Journey of sperm summary?

A

Seminiferous tubules - rete testis - epididymis -vas - joins seminal gland to form ejaculatory duct - ejaculatory ducts join in prostate gland and run into urethra

153
Q

Seminal gland function?

A

Produces seminal fluid

154
Q

Spermatic cord contains?

A

Vas + testicular artery + pampiniform plexus of veins

155
Q

Control of erection?

A

Parasympathetic

156
Q

Control of ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic

157
Q

Male and female sterilisation?

A

Clipping of vas or uterine tubes

158
Q

Vertebral level of oesophagus and trachea origin?

A

C6

159
Q

Vertebral level of lung apices?

A

T1

160
Q

Vertebral level of suprasternal notch + first rib?

A

T2/3

161
Q

Vertebral level of top of aortic arch?

A

T4

162
Q

Vertebral level of sternomanubrial joint + bifurcation of bronchi?

A

T5

163
Q

Level of oblique fissure anteriorly vs posteriorly?

A

6th rib vs T3

164
Q

Level of horizontal fissure anteriorly vs posteriorly?

A

4th rib vs 5th rib

165
Q

Vertebral level of IVC and phrenic entering diaphragm?

A

T8

166
Q

Vertebral level of oesophagus and vagus nerve entering diaphragm?

A

T10

167
Q

Vertebral level of aorta, azygous and thoracic duct entering diaphragm?

A

T12

168
Q

Two layers of the pleura form the?

A

Pulmonary ligaments

169
Q

Does the hilum have pleural coverage?

A

No

170
Q

What forms the interlobar fissures?

A

Visceral pleura

171
Q

Each lung lobe is supplied by a?

A

Lobar bronchi

172
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments per lung?

A

10

173
Q

Segmental bronchi supply?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

174
Q

Intercostal neurovascular bundle order?

A

VAN

175
Q

Where does the interocostal neurovascular bundles lie?

A

Under the ribs

176
Q

Innveration of the intercostal nerve?

A

T1-T11

177
Q

Posterior intercostal blood supply?

A

Thoracic aorta + azygous veins

178
Q

Anterior intercostal blood supply?

A

Internal throracic artery + thoracic vein

179
Q

Neck muscles we need to know?

A

Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, scalneus anterior, medial and posterior

180
Q

Chest/arm muscles we need to know?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, deltoid

181
Q

Abdominal muscles we need to know?

A

External and internal oblique, rectus abdmonis and transverse abdominis

182
Q

Major superficial vein in the arm and where does it run?

A

Cephallic vein and in the delto-pectoral groove

183
Q

Major superficial vein in the leg?

A

Great saphenous vein

184
Q

Largest vein in the body?

A

Great saphenous

185
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed by ….. and runs between what?

A

External oblique aponeurosis and between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

186
Q

What forms the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

187
Q

Aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles meets at the?

A

Linea alba

188
Q

Name of the point where the abdominal muscle meets its aponeurosis?

A

Linea semilunaris

189
Q

Inguinal canal contains?

A

Spermatic cord (males) and round ligament (females)

190
Q

Direct hernia goes through?

A

Superficial ring

191
Q

Indirect hernia goes through?

A

Deep + superficial ring

192
Q

Superficial ring is also known as the?

A

V-shaped defect

193
Q

Test between direct and indirect hernia?

A

Press on superficial ring, ask patient to cough, direct will reappear and indirect won’t

194
Q

Outer layers of the spermatic cord?

A

Outer, cremasteric and inner spermatic fascia

195
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

Opening between vocal cords and arytenoid cartilage of larynx

196
Q

What cranial nerves run from the midbrain?

A

CNI-IV

197
Q

What cranial nerves run from the pons?

A

CNV

198
Q

What cranial nerves run from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CNVI

199
Q

What cranial nerves run from the cerebellopontine angle?

A

CNVII and CNVIII

200
Q

What cranial nerves run from the medulla oblongata?

A

CNVIX-XII

201
Q

CNI/ Olfactory function?

A

Smell

202
Q

CNII,III,IV,VI/ Oculomotor, optic, trochlear, abducens function?

A

Eye movement

203
Q

CNV/ Trigeminal function?

A

Mouth

204
Q

Branches of CNV/trigeminal?

A

CNVa (opthalmic), CNVb (maxillary) and CNVc (mandibular)

205
Q

CNVb name, function and where it runs from?

A

Maxillary, innervates nasal cavity + upper mouth and runs from foramen rotundum

206
Q

CNVc name, function and where it runs from?

A

Mandibular, innervates bottom mouth and runs from foramen ovale

207
Q

Branch of CNVc?

A

Lingual nerve

208
Q

Lingual nerve innervates?

A

Anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

209
Q

CNVII/ Facial function?

A

Muscles of facial expression, submandibular + sublingual glands

210
Q

CNVIII/ Vestibulocochlear function?

A

Balance and hearing

211
Q

CNIX/ Glossopharyngeal function and where is runs from?

A

Parotid glands, posterior tongue, oropharynx and runs from the jugular foramen

212
Q

CNX/ Vagus function and where is runs from?

A

Pharynx, larynx, soft palate, lungs/heart/gut

213
Q

CNXI/ Accessory function?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

214
Q

CNXII/ Hypoglossal function and where it runs from?

A

Muscles of the tongue and runs from hypoglossal canal

215
Q

9 sub-regions of the abdomen?

A

Hypochondriac, epigastric, lumbar, umbilical, iliac, hypogastric

216
Q

4 abdominal quadrants?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

217
Q

Mouth anatomy summary?

A

Hard palate, soft palate, gingiva, uvula, palatine tonsils, frendulum

218
Q

All tongue muscles are innervated by CNXII except …. which is innervated by …. ?

A

Palatoglossus and vagus nerve

219
Q

4 regions of the stomach?

A

Fundus, body, antrum, pyloris

220
Q

Fold of the stomach?

A

Rugae

221
Q

Sphincter connecting stomach to duodenum?

A

Pyloric

222
Q

3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

223
Q

Part of the duodenum and the angle in which they run?

A

1st and 2nd are descending, 3rd is horizontal and 4th is ascending

224
Q

D4 meets the jejunum at the?

A

Duodenojejunal flexture

225
Q

7 parts of the colon?

A

Caecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anus

226
Q

Flextures and quadrants of the colon?

A

Hepatic flexture in RUQ and splenic flexture in LUQ

227
Q

Areas behind the ascending and descending colon?

A

Paracolic gutters

228
Q

The appendix is an extension of the?

A

Caecum

229
Q

Caecum connects to appendix via?

A

Appendiceal orifice

230
Q

Vertebral level of recto-sigmoid junction?

A

S3

231
Q

Muscles that line the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

232
Q

Rectum becomes what before passing through levator ani?

A

Rectal ampulla and anal canal

233
Q

What divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal?

A

Pectinate line

234
Q

Innervation, sphincter and blood supply above the pectinate line?

A

Inferior hypogastric artery (T12-L2), internal and IMA/IMV

235
Q

Innervation, sphincter and blood supply below the pectinate line?

A

Pudenal (S2,3,4), external and internal iliac A + V

236
Q

What makes up the pudenal nerve?

A

S2,3,4

237
Q

What makes up the inferior hypogastric nerve?

A

T12-L2

238
Q

3 branches of coeliac trunk?

A

Splenic, left gastric and common hepatic

239
Q

Where does the splenic artery run + branches?

A

Over the pancreas and left gastro-omental

240
Q

Where does the left gastric artery run?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach

241
Q

Where does the left gastro-omental artery run?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

242
Q

Branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric and gastroduodenal (branches to give right gastro-omental)

243
Q

Where does the right gastro-omental artery come from?

A

The gastroduodenal artery as a branch of the common hepatic

244
Q

4 lobes of the liver?

A

Left, right, cadudate, quadrate

245
Q

Anterior liver ligament?

A

Falciform

246
Q

How many liver sub-segments?

A

8

247
Q

Blood supply in and out of liver?

A

Hepatic artery and portal vein enter and blood drains via central vein into 1 of 3 hepatic veins which join IVC

248
Q

The hepatodoudenal ligament is made from the …. and contains the ….. ?

A

Lesser omentum and major portal triad

249
Q

Portal vein drains the?

A

Splenic, SMV and IMV

250
Q

Biliary tree summary?

A
  • Common bile duct is formed by the cystic + hepatic
  • Common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater
  • Ampulla of vater drains via the spincter of oddi into D2
251
Q

4 muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral ptyergoid

252
Q

Muscle that opens jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

253
Q

TMJ innervation?

A

Trigeminal/ CNV

254
Q

Where is the adrenal glands?

A

Suprarenal (above kidneys)

255
Q

Muscle of the cheek that moves food during mastication?

A

Buccinator

256
Q

Bones of the hand?

A

Lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, triquetrum, pisiform

257
Q

Ankle bone?

A

Medial malleolus

258
Q

What 2 words mean “of the tongue” to help remember innervation?

A

Glossal and lingual

259
Q

Nerves that innverate the tongue and which area?

A

Hypoglossal (all), lingual (anterior 2/3) and glossopharyngeal (posterior 1/3)

260
Q

Which nerves innervates which facial glands?

A

Facial (submandibular and sublingual) + glossopharygeal (parotid)

261
Q

Nerve supply of the rectum?

A

S4/ inferior rectal nerve

262
Q

How does the pudendal nerve run to reach below the pectinate line?

A

Out of the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and into perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen

263
Q

The pudendal nerve is a branch of the?

A

Sacral plexus

264
Q

What forms the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

265
Q

Muscle that wraps around recto-anal junction to control defection?

A

Puborectalis

266
Q

Where does the puborectalis attach?

A

Pubic tubercle

267
Q

Innervation of the pharynx constrictor muscles?

A

Outer (CNX) and inner (all CNX) except stylopharygeus in the nasopharynx which is CNIX)

268
Q

Bottom lump of the frenulum that separates the sublingual glands?

A

Sublingual caruncle

269
Q

Where does the parotid gland secrete via?

A

Opposite the 2nd upper molar

270
Q

Types of teeth?

A

4 incisor, (then per side) 2 canine, 2 pre-molar and 3 molar (+ 1 wisdom)

271
Q

Intraperitoneal organs?

A

Stomach, liver, gall bladder, tail of pancreas, D1, jejunum, ilieum, caecum, appendix, trasverse colon, sigmoid colon and spleen

272
Q

Retroperitoneal organs?

A

D2,3,4, ascending + descending colon, rectum, head/neck/body of pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, abdominal aorta and IVC

273
Q

2 parts of the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament + hepatogastric ligament

274
Q

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach

275
Q

The greater omentum attaches where?

A

Greater curvature if the stomach

276
Q

Branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Ileal, jejunal, ileocolic, right and middle colic

277
Q

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic and sigmoid

278
Q

How many layers in the greater omentum + lesser omentum?

A

4 + 2

279
Q

Nerves going to the adrenal glands run from?

A

T10-L1

280
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?

A

The external iliac artery

281
Q

Where does the needle need to be positioned during an abdominocentesis + why?

A

Lateral to the rectus sheath + avoids the inferior epigastric artery

282
Q

3 thoracoabdominal nerves + what vertebral level they arise from?

A

Subcostal (T12 anterior ramus), iliohypogastric (half of L1 anterior ramis) and ilioinguinal (other half of L1 anterior ramus)

Anatomy (1 decks)

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