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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal space below the shoulder joint, provides a passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb

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2
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor muscles

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3
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Scapularis
Teres major muscles

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4
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall

Serratus anterior muscle

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5
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubular sulcus of the humerus

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6
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of, where does it begin and how does it continue?

A

Subclavian artery
Lateral margin of first rib
Brachial artery

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7
Q

Which central rami form the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

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8
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of the median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral
Medial root of the median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Ulnar nerve
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10
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve
Subscapular nerve (upper and lower)
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve

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11
Q

Which vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic vein

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12
Q

Which vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Basilic vein

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13
Q

Which vein shunts blood from the cephalic to the basilic vein?

A

Median cubital

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14
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain into?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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15
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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16
Q

At which joint does the upper limb articulate with the pectoral girdle?

A

Acromioclavicular

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17
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular?

A

Synovial plane

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18
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular?

A

Synovial saddle

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19
Q

Muscles involved in elevation of the scapula

A

Superior trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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20
Q

Muscles involved in depression of the scapula

A

Inferior trapezius

Pectoralis minor

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21
Q

Muscles involved in protraction of the scapula

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

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22
Q

Muscles involved in retraction of the scapula

A

Trapezius (middle fibres)

Rhomboids

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23
Q

Muscles involved in lateral rotation of the scapula

A

Superior and inferior trapezius

Serratus anterior

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24
Q

Muscles involved in medial rotation of the scapula

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor

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25
Retraction of the scapula
Backwards
26
What type of joint is at the glenoid cavity and head of humerus?
Synovial ball and socket
27
What is the name of the ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the head of the humerus?
Glenoid labrum
28
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Allows deepening of the articular point
29
Whta is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament?
Strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule
30
What is the function of the coraco-acromial arch?
Prevents displacement of humeral head
31
What is the coraco-acromial arch?
Inferior aspect of acromion and coracoid process of scapula and coracoacromial ligament
32
What is the function of the coraco-acromial arch?
Prevents displacement of the humoral head
33
Which is the weakest part of the shoulder joint capsule and why?
Inferior part | Not protected by muscles or ligaments
34
What do bursae provide for joints?
Cushioning around them
35
What does the subacromial bursa do?
Reduces friction
36
What are the 4 movements of the shoulder joint?
Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Circumduction Medial/lateral rotation
37
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
Movement and stability
38
What is the role of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?
Flexion and medial rotation
39
What is the role of the middle fibres of the deltoid?
Abduction at the shoulder joint
40
What is the role of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?
Extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder joint
41
What is the nerve supply of the deltoid?
Axillary nerve (C5, 6)
42
What is the action of the pectoralis major at the shoulder joint?
Flexes and medially rotates humerus at the glenohumeral joint
43
What is the deltopectoral triangle?
Triangulatr space below clavicle, between deltoid and pectoralis major
44
What vessel is in the deltopectoral triangle?
Subclavian vein
45
What is the nerve supply of the serratus anterior?
Brachial plexus
46
What is the nerve supply of the trapezius?
CN XI
47
What is the most anterior muscle of the anterior arm?
Biceps brachii
48
Where droes the biceps brachii arise from?
Scapula
49
Where does the tendon of the biceps insert into?
Tuberosity of the radius
50
What is the action of the biceps on the shoulder and elbow joints?
Flexion
51
What is the action of the biceps on the radio-ulnar joint?
Supination
52
From where does the short head of the biceps brachii arise?
Coracoid process along with the coracoradialis
53
From where does the long head of the biceps brachii arise?
Supraglenoid tubercle, and runs in the bicipital groove of the humerus
54
Which head of the biceps runs along the bicipital groove of the humerus?
Long head
55
What is the nerve supply of the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7)
56
What are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?
C5, 6, 7
57
What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?
C5-8, T1
58
What are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?
C8, T1
59
What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve?
C5, 6
60
What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?
C5-8, T1
61
Where does the coracobrachialis arise from and insert into?
Arises from tip of coracoid process | Inserts into medial margin of the humerus
62
What is the action of the coracobrachialis?
Abducts humerus, flexion at shoulder joint
63
What is the nerve supply of the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
64
What is the action of the brachialis?
Flexion of elbow
65
What is the main nerve of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous
66
Which muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis
67
Which nerve supplies the thenar muscles of the hand?
Median nerve
68
What is the cubital fossa?
Triangular depresssion or hollow in front of the elbow

Musculoskeletal System (19 decks)

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