Anatomy Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the pathway in which CSF flows?
CSF is produced by the choroid plexus → lat ventricles → foramen of Monroe → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius → 4th ventricle → foramen of Magendie, and 2 lat foramina of Lushka
Which structures enhance on the MRI sequences, T1, T2, and FLAIR?
T1 enhances fat and ST, does not enhance fluid. T1 with contrast is generally the best way to visualize intracranial tumors. T2 enhances fluid (CSF, edema) and does not enhance fat. FLAIR removes the increased CSF signal on T2 and shows abnl fluid (masses and edema).
Which structures enhance with contrast?
Mets, Abscess, GBM, Lymphoma, +/– AA or AO [anaplastic astrocytoma/anaplastic oligodendroglioma]) (Mnemonic: MAGLA), meningioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, gliosis, cerebritis
Which structures do not enhance with contrast?
Grade 2 low-grade gliomas, +/– AA or AO, rare for GBM to not enhance.
Which gyri contain the sensory and motor area?
The precentral gyrus contains the motor area, and the postcentral gyrus contains the somatosensory area. Medial = body, LEs, feet. Lat = trunk, arms, head.
What brain region is associated with expressive aphasia?
The Broca motor area (dominant/left frontal lobe) is associated with expressive aphasia.
What brain region is associated with receptive aphasia?
The dominant/left temporal lobe at the post end of the lat sulcus (Wernicke area) is associated with receptive aphasia.
Which CN exits on the dorsal side of the brain (midbrain)?
CN IV exits on the dorsal side of the brain.
What structures are in the cavernous sinus?
CNs III, IV, VI, V1, and V2; internal carotid artery
What common defect does tumor involving the cavernous sinus produce?
CN VI palsy (no abduction of the lat rectus)
What components traverse the sup orbital fissure?
CNs III, IV, VI, and V1
What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?
V2 passes through the foramen rotundum.
What nerve passes through the foramen ovale?
V3 passes through the foramen ovale.
What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?
The middle meningeal artery and vein as well as the nervus spinosus (branch of CN V3), pass through the foramen spinosum.
Through what structure do CNs VII–VIII traverse?
CNs VII–VIII traverse through the internal auditory meatus.
Through which foramen does CN VII traverse the skull base?
CN VII emerges through the stylomastoid foramen.
What passes through the jugular foramen?
CNs IX–XI pass through the jugular foramen.
How many spinal nerves are there in the SC?
There are 31 spinal nerves in the SC (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal).
Where does the cord end? Where does the thecal sac end?
The cord ends at L3–4 in children and L1–2 in adults. The thecal sac ends at S2–3 in both children and adults.
What tumors present with a dural tail sign?
Meningioma (60%), also chloroma, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis
