Anatomy 8 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the tonsils?
Collections of lymphoid tissue in the upper parts of the pharynx.
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid) located?
Lies in the roof of the nasopharynx
Where are the tubal tonsils located?
Surrounds the opening of the auditory tube (which connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
Next to the pharyngeal wall in the oropharynx
What are the lingual tonsils?
A collection of lymphoid tissue on the posterior aspect of the
tongue.
What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx move the laryngeal cartilages which in turn move the vocal cords that lie inside
the larynx.
Injury to the nerves that innervate the intrinsic laryngeal muscles therefore affect speech.
What are the vestibular folds?
Folds of mucous membrane that lie superior to the vocal
folds.
What are the vocal folds?
Folds of mucous membrane that cover and protect the vocal
ligaments – together they form the true vocal cords.
What are the vocal ligaments attached to?
Attached anteriorly to the internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence and posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages.
What is the space between the true vocal cords called?
Rima Glottidis
How is the Rima Glottidis opened and closed?
● Adduction of the true vocal cords closes the rima glottidis, whilst abduction of the folds opens it.
● Phonation requires adduction of the cords and closure of the rima glottidis.
● Abduction of the cords opens the rima glottidis:
● to a small degree in whispering
● partially in normal breathing
● fully in forced breathing.
How do the intrinsic muscles open and close the rima glottidis?
The intrinsic muscles of the larynx move the laryngeal skeleton which moves the vocal cords and opens and closes the rima glottidis.
Where is the cricothyroid muscle located?
Anteriorly between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
What does the cricothyroid muscle do?
This muscle tips the thyroid cartilage anteriorly and inferiorly, which places tension on the vocal cords.
Where are the posterior cricoarytenoids located?
On the posterior surface of the cricoid, they attach to the arytenoids
What do the posterior cricoarytenoids do?
These muscles abduct the vocal cords and open the rima
glottidis.
Where are the transverse arytenoids located?
On the posterior aspect of the larynx, connecting the two arytenoid cartilages
What do the arytenoid cartilages do?
These muscles adduct the vocal folds and close the rima glottidis.
What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?
Innervates the cricothyroid muscle and is sensory to the larynx above the vocal folds.
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?
Innervates all the intrinsic muscles except for the cricothyroid and is sensory to the larynx below the vocal folds.
What pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva in the oral cavity?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual salivary glands.
What is glandular secretion stimulated by?
Parasympathetic Fibres
Where is the parotid gland located?
Overlies the posterior part of the mandible
What does the parotid gland do?
Saliva empties into the mouth via the parotid duct, which opens adjacent to the upper second molar tooth.
The parotid gland is closely related to the facial nerve.
After the nerve exits the skull, it enters the deep surface of the parotid gland.
Within the gland the facial nerve divides into five branches which emerge to innervate the muscles of facial
expression.
The parotid gland is also closely related to the external carotid artery.
