Anatomy

Question 1

What structure produces the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 1

Choroid plexus in ventricules

Question 2

What is the pathway of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 2

Choroid plexus (lateral ventricules) –> caudal –> foraminae of 1 Magendie and 2 Luschka (4th ventricule) –> subarachnoid space

Question 3

Where does the CSF flow in regards to the spinal chord?

Answer 3

outside only

Question 4

Branchial arches

Answer 4

=pharyngeal arches
There are 4
From Mesoderm
Forms CN V, VII, IX, X
Pattern controlled by Hox gene

Question 5

Placodes

Answer 5

Ectoderm thickening
There is 1
Forms cranial nerve ganglia and cranial sense organs

Question 6

What do somites form?

Answer 6

Sclerotome (vertebrae+ribs)
Myotome (skeletal muscles)
Dermatome (dermis)

Question 7

Define somites

Answer 7

Located on each side of dorsal midline

Derived from mesoderm

Question 8

Describe the spinal cord development

Answer 8

Moves rostrally during development
Fetus = extends to bottom of spinal column
Adult = ends at L1 /L2

Question 9

Describe ANS formation

Answer 9

cells migrate from neural crest to form :

1. dorsal root ganglion
2. melanocytes
3. branchial arch structures
4. para-vertebral sympathetic ganglia
5. pre-vertebal sympathetic ganglia
6. parasympathetic plexus

Question 10

Basal ganglia parts

Answer 10

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus (anatomy)

+ substancia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus (functions)

Question 11

Leptomeninges

Answer 11

Pia and arachnoid matter

Question 12

Where are the blood vessels contained in the meninges

Answer 12

subarachnoid space

Question 13

Pachymeninges layers

Answer 13

• periosteal

- meningeal

Question 14

epidural space

Answer 14

between skull and dura

Question 15

subdural space

Answer 15

between dura and arachnoid (contains lots of veins)

Question 16

Falx cerebri

Answer 16

Dural projection between the two cerebral hemisphere

Question 17

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 17

Dural projection covering the cerebellum

Question 18

Sub-falcine/trans-tentorial herniation

Answer 18

Part of brain pushed under falx or down pasr tentorium

Question 19

Cavernous sinus location

Answer 19

Between layers of dura next to sella turcica

Question 20

Central sulcus

Answer 20

Rolandic fissure

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

Lateral sulcus

Answer 21

Sylvian fissure

Separates frontal and temporal lobes

Question 22

Opercula

Answer 22

Parietal, temporal and frontal hidden fold in lateral fissure

Question 23

Insula

Answer 23

Space in the lateral fissure

Question 24

Primary motor cortex location

Answer 24

Frontal lobe gyrus immediately anterior the central fissure

Question 25

Primary sensory cortex location

Answer 25

Parietal lobe gyrus immediately posterior to central fissure

Question 26

Limbic lobe

Answer 26

Cingulate gyrus

Question 27

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 27

Separates parietal and occipital loves | Easier to see on medial surface

Question 28

CSF pathwa

Answer 28

1. choroid plexus 2. lateral ventricule 3. intraventricular foramen of Monroe 4. 3rd ventricule 5. cerebral aqueduct of Megendi (midline) and Luschka (lateral) 6. sub-arachnoid space 7. arachnoid villi (venous sinuses)

Question 29

CSF that has exited 4th ventricle will be absorbed in ?

Answer 29

dural venous sinus

Question 30

granulations

Answer 30

whitish discoloration of arachnoid villi enabling CSF to go into dural venous sinus

Question 31

Hydrocephalus

Answer 31

accumulation of CSF (blockage of reabsorption or flow obstruction)

Question 32

CSF flows (direction)

Answer 32

caudally

Question 33

Thalamus

Answer 33

Relay station for input to cerebral cortex (eg from cerebellum to cortex)

Question 34

Caudate and Putamen

Answer 34

nuclei part of basal ganglia (motor activity)

Question 35

Internal Capsule

Answer 35

Highways of axons in white matter (axons ascending to or from cerebral cortex)

Question 36

Corpus Callosum

Answer 36

Highways of axons in white matter (axons passing between 2 cerebral hemisphere)

Question 37

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus

Answer 37

part of limbic system (memory and emotion)

Question 38

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Answer 38

Homeostasis, sleep-wake cycle, autonomic & hormonal functions

Question 39

Amygdala location

Answer 39

Anterior to hippocampus