anatomy

Question 1

where does the central slip insert and what does it do?

Answer 1

base of middle phalanx, extends PIP

Question 2

where do the lateral bands insert and what do they do?

Answer 2

distal phalanx, extends DIP

Question 3

what deformity does contracture of the oblique band of the retinacular ligament cause?

Answer 3

boutonierre deformity (volar displacement of lateral bands)

Question 4

what deformity does loosening of the transverse band of the retinacular ligament cause?

Answer 4

swan neck deformity (dorsal translation of lateral bands)

Question 5

what do the sagittal bands do?

Answer 5

keeps extensor mechanism tracking in midline during flexion of MP joint

Question 6

course of radial artery to hand

Answer 6

runs between brachioradialis and FCR, enters dorsum of carpus by passing between FCR and APL/EPB tendons in the snuffbox, gives off superficial palmar branch (goes to superficial arch) and deep palmar arch

Question 7

course of ulnar artery to hand

Answer 7

runs under FCU, runs lateral to ulnar nerve at the wrist, enters the hand through Guyon’s canal. lies on transverse carpal ligament

Question 8

main blood supply to superficial palmar arch

Answer 8

ulnar artery

Question 9

main blood supply to deep palmar arch

Answer 9

deep branch of radial artery

Question 10

what is the most radial structure in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 10

FPL

Question 11

where is flexor tendon zone 1?

Answer 11

distal to FDS insertion

Question 12

where is flexor tendon zone 2?

Answer 12

FDS insertion to distal palmar crease/proximal A1 pulley

Question 13

where is flexor tendon zone 3?

Answer 13

palm (A1 pulley to distal aspect of carpal ligament)

Question 14

where is flexor tendon zone 4?

Answer 14

carpal tunnel

Question 15

where is flexor tendon zone 5?

Answer 15

carpal tunnel to forearm

Question 16

extensor tendon zone 1

Answer 16

terminal extensor tendon distal to or at DIP joint

Question 17

extensor tendon zone 2

Answer 17

middle phalanx

Question 18

extensor tendon zone 3

Answer 18

PIP joint (central slip)

Question 19

extensor tendon zone 4

Answer 19

proximal phalanx

Question 20

extensor tendon zone 5

Answer 20

MCP joint

Question 21

extensor tendon zone 6

Answer 21

metacarpal

Question 22

extensor tendon zone 7

Answer 22

wrist joint

Question 23

extensor tendon zone 8

Answer 23

distal foream, extensor muscle belly

Question 24

major and minor blood supply to scaphoid

Answer 24

major = dorsal carpal branch of radial artery, minor = superficial palmar arch

Question 25

what makes up guyon's canal?

Answer 25

roof = superficial palmar ligament floor = deep flexor retinaculum, hypothenar muscles ulnar border = pisiform and pisohamate ligament radial border = hook of hamate

Question 26

what makes up the TFCC?

Answer 26

dorsal and volar radioulnar ligament, central articular disc, meniscus homolog, ulnar collateral ligament, ECU subsheath, origin of ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral ligaments

Question 27

what are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 27

``` radial = scaphoid tubercle, trapezium ulnar = hook of hamate, pisiform roof = transverse carpal ligament floor = proximal carpal row ```

Question 28

what is the most radial structure in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 28

FPL

Question 29

what muscles are innervated by the AIN?

Answer 29

FDP (index and middle finger), FPL, pronator quadratus

Question 30

what are the connections of the ligament of struthers?

Answer 30

supracondylar process to medial epicondyle

Question 31

what are the boundaries of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 31

roof: FCU fascia and Osborne's ligament floor: posterior and transverse bands of MCL and joint capsule walls: medial epicondyle and olecranon

Question 32

what are the connections of osborne's ligament?

Answer 32

medial epicondyle to olecranon

Question 33

what are the borders of Guyon's canal?

Answer 33

floor - transverse carpal ligament, hypothenar muscles roof - volar carpal ligament ulnar border - pisiform and pisohamate ligament, abductor digiti minimi muscle belly radial border - hook of hamate

Question 34

what does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 34

all interosseus muscles, third and fourth lumbricals, hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis, medial head of FPB

Question 35

what is the leash of henry?

Answer 35

recurrent radial vessels that fan across the PIN at the level of the radial neck

Question 36

what is the arcade of frohse?

Answer 36

proximal edge of superficial portion of supinator

Question 37

what does the PIN innervate?

Answer 37

common extensors (ECRB, EDC, ECM, ECU), deep extensors (supinator, APL, EPB, EPL, EIP), dorsal wrist capsule

Question 38

what structure is involved in de quervain's?

Answer 38

dorsal compartment 1 (APL, EPB)