Anatomy Flashcards
(42 cards)
what 5 structures can be found in the hilum/root of the lung?
- pulmonary artery
- main bronchus
- pulmonary veins
- pulmonary lymphatic vessels and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
- pulmonary visceral afferents and autonomic motor nerves
where do phrenic nerves in the pericardium?
lateral to vagus nerve and anteriorly to the root of the lung
what are the layers of the pericardium? working from outside to inside?
Fibrous pericardium
Pariteal serous pericardium
Pericardial Cavity (Sac filled with pericardium fluid)
Visceral serous pericardium
What is the visceral serous pericardium in contact with?
The heart/epicardium
what is it called when the pericardial cavity fills with blood?
Haemopericardium
What is the condition called when a haemopericardium causes pressure around the heart that prevents cardiac contraction?
Cardiac tamponade
what is pericardiocentesis?
drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity
how is the needle inserted during pericardiocentesis?
via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously
what is the space within the pericardial cavity used to identify and isolate the great vessels in order to commence cardiopulmonary bypass?
Transverse pericardial sinus
where can the apex beat be palpated?
5th left intercostal space midclavicular line (mitral line)
what is the name for cardiac enlargement?
cardiomegaly
where do vagus nerves run in the pericardium?
medial to the phrenic nerve and run posterior to the root of the lung
what does the SVC bifurcate into?
Right and left brachiocephalic vein
what do brachiocephalic veins bifurcate into?
one internal jugular vein (up to head) and also a subclavian vein
what is the order of splitting off from aorta
coronary artery
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what does the brachiocephalic split off into?
right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
where is the coronary artery found and what is special about this place?
in the coronary groove
it indicates the surface marking for the boundary between the right atrium and right ventricle
what indicates the boundary between the 2 ventricles and where is it found?
branch of left coronary artery found in anterior interventricular groove
where are coronary arteries found?
just deep to the epicardium, usually embedded in adipose tissue (yellow)
what do coronary arteries supply?
epicardium and myocardium
where is the coronary sinus and what is it?
In the atrioventricular groove posteriorly
A short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium
what is the part of the septum between the atria called?
interatrial septum (positioned by the interatrial groove)
what is the part of the septum between the ventricles called?
interventricular septum
what is an atrial septal defect?
a hole in the interatrial septum
