Anatomy

Question 1

What does the ramus (part of the mandible) do?

Answer 1

Attaches some muscles of mastication

Question 2

What are the two projections of the ramus of the mandible?

Answer 2

Coronoid process and condylar process

Question 3

What does the condylar process do?

Answer 3

Contributes to the TMJ

Question 4

What does the coronoid process do?

Answer 4

Attaches the temporalis muscle

Question 5

What is the outer foramen of the mandible called?

Answer 5

Mental - transmits the mental nerve

Question 6

What features of the face does the mental nerve supply?

Answer 6

Lower teeth, skin of the chin and gingival on the labial aspect of the anterior lower teeth.

Question 7

What is the inner foramen of the mandible called?

Answer 7

Mandibular

Question 8

What nerve does the mandibular foramen transmit?

Answer 8

Inferior alveolar nerve, which supplies all the lower teeth and some of the gingivae on the labial and buccal aspects.

Question 9

What does the lingula have attached to it?

Answer 9

A ligament

Question 10

What foramina do you find inferior of the orbits?

Answer 10

Infra-orbital foramina

Question 11

When you open your mouth what is the process of the temporal bone called that the condylar process moves towards?

Answer 11

Articular eminence

Question 12

What are the five bones that are hollow in places and some are called the para-nasal air sinuses?

Answer 12

• Right and left maxillae
• Frontal bone
• Sphenoid bone
• Ethmoid bone

Question 13

What is the oral cavity bounded by?

Answer 13

Upper and lower teeth anteriorly and laterally and by an opening into the pharynx called the oro-pharyngeal isthmus posteriorly.

Question 14

What space lies in the mouth outside the dental arches?

Answer 14

Vestibule

Question 15

What is the ligamentous structure that limits how much you can lift your tongue?

Answer 15

Lingual frenulum

Question 16

What is the V-shaped boundary that fuses the posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of the tongue called?

Answer 16

Sulcus terminalis

Question 17

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

Answer 17

Between the palatoglosal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 18

What is the hard palate composed of?

Answer 18

Palatine process of maxilla (greater and lesser) and the right and left maxilla

Question 19

What is the large muscle of the neck that starts at the clavicle and sternum and runs to behind the ears called?

Answer 19

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 20

What is the muscle around the eyes called?

Answer 20

Orbicularis oculi

Question 21

What are the two muscles that control the zygomatica called?

Answer 21

Zygomaticus major and minor

Question 22

What is the muscle that controls the mouths facial expression called?

Answer 22

Orbicularis oris

Question 23

What is the muscle that moves the cheek called?

Answer 23

Buccinator

Question 24

What is the muscle that levitates the mouth called?

Answer 24

Levator anguli oris

Question 25

What is the muscle at the corner of the mouth?

Answer 25

Risorius

Question 26

What is the muscle involved near the mouth in frowning?

Answer 26

Depressor anguli oris

Question 27

What is the muscle in the chin?

Answer 27

Mentalis

Question 28

What does the buccinator and superior constrictor attach to?

Answer 28

Pterygomandibular raphe

Question 29

What cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 29

7 - facial

Question 30

What are the five branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 30

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical

Question 31

Do the branches of the facial nerve supply the parotid gland or just pass through it?

Answer 31

Just pass through it

Question 32

What is the most important nerve in general sensory supply to the facial region?

Answer 32

Trigeminal

Question 33

What are the three main divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 33

1) Opthalmic V1 2) Maxillary V2 3) Mandibular V3

Question 34

What artery comes off the external carotid artery?

Answer 34

Maxillary

Question 35

What nerve branches off this maxillary artery?

Answer 35

Inferior alveolar artery

Question 36

What does the lingual artery do and where does it branch off?

Answer 36

Branches off the inferior external carotid artery and provides the blood supply to the tongue and structures of the floor of the mouth, including the lingual gingivae

Question 37

Further from the IA artery what other artery branches off the external carotid artery?

Answer 37

Posterior superior alveolar artery

Question 38

Anterior to the PSA artery what is the next artery to branch off the infraorbital artery?

Answer 38

Anterior superior alveolar artery

Question 39

What teeth does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

Answer 39

Upper molars and premolars

Question 40

What teeth does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply?

Answer 40

Incisors and canines

Question 41

The maxillary artery branches into two palatine arteries, what are they called?

Answer 41

Greater and lesser palatine artery, inferior to the descending palatine artery

Question 42

What part of the palate do the greater and lesser palatine arteries supply?

Answer 42

Greater - hard palate | Lesser - soft palate

Question 43

What is the large vein called that is lateral to the hyoid bone and meets the subclavian veins?

Answer 43

Internal jugular vein

Question 44

What is the large network of veins that the IA vein branches off?

Answer 44

Pterygoid venous plexus

Question 45

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 45

To drain lymph

Question 46

What are the lymph nodes in the neck called?

Answer 46

Deep cervical nodes

Question 47

What are the three salivary glands?

Answer 47

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular

Question 48

What are the two nerves that stimulate salivation?

Answer 48

Facial and glossopharyngeal

Question 49

Is salivation autonomic?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

In the parotid gland where does the duct open in salivation?

Answer 50

In vestibule opposite upper second molar crown

Question 51

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 51

Glossopharyngeal

Question 52

What nerve innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands?

Answer 52

Facial (sensory taste)

Question 53

Outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the parotid gland?

Answer 53

-Glossopharyngeal nerve via tympanic plexus, then as lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglion, meets a synapse, post ganglionic fibres pass to gland in auriculotemporal nerve

Question 54

Outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the sublingual/submandibular gland?

Answer 54

-Facial nerve via chorda tympani and lingual nerve to submandibular ganglion, meets a synapse, post ganglionic fibres pass to the glands

Question 55

What muscle of the cheek does the parotid gland pierce?

Answer 55

Buccinator

Question 56

Where does the submandibular single duct open at?

Answer 56

The sublingual papillae

Question 57

Where is the series of sublingual ductules located?

Answer 57

Sub-lingual fold

Question 58

When cell bodies cluster together what do they form?

Answer 58

A ganglion

Question 59

What are the fibres called that leave the autonomic ganglion and travel to the gland called?

Answer 59

Post ganglionic fibres

Question 60

What does the tympanic nerve temporarily break up into?

Answer 60

A network of nerve fibres called the tympanic plexus

Question 61

What does the nerve fibres of the tympanic plexus come together to form?

Answer 61

The lesser petrosal nerve

Question 62

What does the lesser petrosal nerve leave through?

Answer 62

The foramen ovale

Question 63

What does the auriculotemporal nerve do?

Answer 63

Transmits post ganglionic fibres to the parotid gland

Question 64

Where does the chorda tympani carry pre ganglionic fibres of the facial nerve to?

Answer 64

Infra-temporal fossa

Question 65

Which nerve supplies taste and sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 65

Lingual (general) | Facial (taste)

Question 66

Which nerve supplies taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 66

Glossopharyngeal

Question 67

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 67

Hypoglossal

Question 68

What are the four muscles of mastication?

Answer 68

Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 69

What is the function of the masseter?

Answer 69

Elevates mandible

Question 70

What is the nerve that innervates the masseter?

Answer 70

Mandibular nerve

Question 71

Where does the masseter insert?

Answer 71

Lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

Question 72

What is the origin of the mandible?

Answer 72

Zygomatic arch

Question 73

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

Answer 73

Elevation and refraction of mandible

Question 74

What is the nerve that innervates the temporalis muscle?

Answer 74

V3 - mandibular nerve

Question 75

Where does the temporalis insert?

Answer 75

Coronoid process of mandible

Question 76

What is the origin of the temporalis?

Answer 76

Temporal aspect of skull

Question 77

What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 77

Mainly elevation

Question 78

What is the nerve that innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 78

Mandibular nerve

Question 79

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle insert?

Answer 79

Deep surface of the ramus

Question 80

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 80

Maxilla and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid

Question 81

What is the function of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 81

Controls articular disc position during closing

Question 82

What is the function of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 82

Anterior translation (sliding) of the mandibular head during opening

Question 83

What is the nerve that innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 83

Mandibular - V3

Question 84

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

Answer 84

Lower - Condylar process | Upper - TMJ (articular disc)

Question 85

What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 85

Sphenoid (mainly lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate)

Question 86

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

Answer 86

Opens mouth

Question 87

Which nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 87

Mandibular

Question 88

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 88

Facial (VII)

Question 89

What are the tubercles called near the hyoid bone?

Answer 89

Superior genial

Question 90

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 90

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 91

The muscles of the pharynx are mostly supplied by what nerve?

Answer 91

Vagus

Question 92

What are the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they do?

Answer 92

Styloglossus - origin styloid process - lifts tongue upwards and backwards Hyoglossus - origin hyoid bone - pulls tongue downwards Genioglossus - origin superior genial tubercles of mandible - protrudes the tongue

Question 93

What do the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal intrinsic fibres of the tongue do?

Answer 93

Horizontal - make tongue narrower Vertical - make tongue thinner vertically Longitudinal - superior and inferior groups curve the tip up (superior) or down (inferior)

Question 94

What are the three circular muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 94

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

Question 95

What are the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 95

Salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus

Question 96

In the oesophagus, are the circular muscles inside the longitudinal muscles?

Answer 96

Yes

Question 97

From which organ does the blood from the stomach and intestines travel back to the heart?

Answer 97

Liver

Question 98

Increased pressure in the veins that supply the liver is called what?

Answer 98

Portal hypertension

Question 99

If abnormally dilated veins in the lower end of the oesophagus rupture what life threatening event can happen?

Answer 99

Haematemesis