Anatomy

Question 1

What is Anatomy

Answer 1

It is the structure of the body - the various body parts and how they are formed

Question 2

What is physiology

Answer 2

The function of the body parts and what they do

Question 3

What are the four components/systems that make up the physical body?

Answer 3

Muscular system
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Connective tissues

Question 4

What does the sagittal plane refer to?

Answer 4

Dividing the body into left and right parts

Movements will be up and down, flexion and extension

Question 5

Frontal plane

Answer 5

Divides the body into front and back sections

Movements will be sideways - abduction and adduction

Question 6

Transverse plane

Answer 6

Divides the body into top and bottom sections - from the midline

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Close to the midline

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Away from the midline

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Distance from the trunk

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

Proximity to the trunk

Question 11

Anterior

Posterior

Answer 11

Front of body or structure

Back of body or structure

Question 12

Superior

Answer 12

Above the head

Question 13

Inferior

Answer 13

Below the head

Question 14

Superficial

Answer 14

Close to the surface of the body

Question 15

Deep

Answer 15

Furthest away from the surface

Question 16

Flexion

Answer 16

Brings the spine down and towards the legs, often into a rounded position - for example balasana, cat, seated forward fold

Question 17

Extension

Answer 17

Increasing the angle in the spine - lengthening the spine upwards and backwards. Backbends, wheel/Urdhva Dhanurasana, cow, camel, cobra/bhujangasana,

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

Away from the midline in the sideway motion - think of the word ‘abduct’ meaning to take away!

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

Towards the midline - think of ‘adding’

Question 20

Rotation

Answer 20

Happens across the body - to twist or turn

Question 21

Axial skeleton

Answer 21

The scull, spine and ribs

Question 22

Appendicular

Answer 22

The upper and lower limbs plus the bones that form the ‘girdle’ connecting the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton - these are the pelvic and shoulder girdle

Question 23

Describe the bones, muscles and ligaments

Answer 23

The bones are the framework of the body, protecting the vital organs. Bones connect to other bone and are jointed together by connective tissue such as muscles, ligaments and tendons. The bones support the body and the muscles and ligaments allow everything to move in a safe and supported way.

Question 24

What influences health synovial joints

Answer 24

Backing off when pain is felt and avoiding excessive activity that may cause wear and tear. Excessive weight may put too much pressure on a joint. Building muscles will help support the core and in turn support the joints. A good balanced diet will also nourish the body and joints.

Question 25

In addition to synovial joints, what others are there?

Answer 25

Fibrous and cartilaginous

Question 26

Which three tissues connect bones?

Answer 26

Ligaments, connective tissue and tendons

Question 27

Is a balanced joint space necessarily symmetrical?

Answer 27

No, a balanced joint will not always be evenly distributed at all points of the range of movement

Question 28

What creates imbalance in a joint?

Answer 28

Damage to the muscle which may cause stiffness, shortening, weakness and tightness

Question 29

List the spinal actions

Answer 29

Flexion, extension and lateral movement

Question 30

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 30

It is an activity that causes a shortening or tightening in the muscle

Question 31

What is eccentric action?

Answer 31

Movement/activity which lengthens the muscle

Question 32

What is isometric action?

Answer 32

Activity when the angle of the joint remains the same

Question 33

What are agonist and antagonist

Answer 33

They work against each other - agonist is a chemical that binds to the receptor but the antagonist blocks the action

Question 34

Long bones provide leverage or stability? Give one example of such a bone?

Answer 34

Leverage Femur

Question 35

Flat bones such as the heel provide stability or leverage? Give one example of such a bone

Answer 35

Stability Illium

Question 36

Vertebral bodies/bones are for stability or to bear weight?

Answer 36

Bear weight

Question 37

Examples of ball and socket joints?

Answer 37

Shoulder - designed to provide maximum range of motion | Hips - designed for stability

Question 38

The Pelvic Girdle does what?

Answer 38

Connects the lower limbs to the upper(axial) skeleton.

Question 39

What does the shoulder girdle do?

Answer 39

It is the yoke that connects the upper extremities to the axial skeleton.

Question 40

What is the purpose of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 40

To support mobility in all directions and is useful for activities such as changing direction while walking or running or reaching for objects (shoulder joint)

Question 41

What is the purpose of the hinge joint?

Answer 41

To provide greater stability and is useful for propelling the body forward and backwards (elbow joint)