Anatomy

Question 1

How many ribs are there?

Answer 1

12 on each side

• 10 true
• 2 floating

Question 2

How do you find the 2nd rib?

Answer 2

Sternal angle

Question 3

What is the conducting portion of the air way?

Answer 3

Nasal cavity -> terminal bronchioles

Question 4

What is found in the conducting portion?

Answer 4

Nasal cavity
Naso/oropharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Terminal bronchioles

Question 5

What is the respiratory portion of the airway?

Answer 5

Respiratory bronchioles -> alveoli

Question 6

What is found in the respiratory portion?

Answer 6

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

Question 7

How many vertebrae does a rib articulate with?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

What epithelium lines the trachea?

Answer 8

Pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells + cilia

Question 9

What epithelium lines the bronchi?

Answer 9

Pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells + cilia

Question 10

What epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 10

Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia + Clara cells

Question 11

What epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 11

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Clara cells

Question 12

What epithelium lines the alveolar ducts?

Answer 12

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Clara cells

Question 13

What epithelium lines the alveoli?

Answer 13

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 14

What holds the trachea open?

Answer 14

Ring shaped hyaline cartilage

Question 15

What is the purpose of the ring shaped cartilage?

Answer 15

Holds trachea open
Allows compression of wind pipe when swallowing
Prevents shattering
More flexible

Question 16

What is the shape of the cartilage in the bronchi?

Answer 16

Circular rings

• maintains patency
• provides strength

Question 17

What do Clara cells do?

Answer 17

Secrete surfactant lipoprotein which prevents the walls sticking together

Question 18

What types of cells make up alveoli?

Answer 18

Type 1 pneumocytes

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 19

What is the purpose of type 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 19

Secrete surfactant

Question 20

Where does the neurovascular bundle of each rib run?

Answer 20

Along the inferior edge

Question 21

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 21

Phrenic nerve - C3,4,5

Question 22

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Lumbar vertebrae + cruciate ligaments
Costal cartilages 7-10 + ribs 11-12
Xiphoid process

Question 23

What are the openings into the diaphragm?

Answer 23

Vena cava
Oesophagus
Aortic hiatus

Question 24

What level does the vena cava cross the diaphragm?

Answer 24

T8

Question 25

What level does the oesophagus cross the diaphragm?

Answer 25

T10

Question 26

What level does the aortic hiatus cross the diaphragm?

Answer 26

T12

Question 27

How many lobes on the left lung?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

How many lobes on the right lung?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

What is the line between the superior and inferior lobe called?

Answer 29

Oblique fissure

Question 30

What is the line between the superior and middle lobe called?

Answer 30

Horizontal fissure

Question 31

If you inhale a foreign object, which lung is it more likely to end up in?

Answer 31

Right

Question 32

What is found in the hilum of the lung?

Answer 32

Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Bronchi

Question 33

What is the most posterior thing in the hilum?

Answer 33

Bronchi

Question 34

What is the most anterosuperior thing in the hilum?

Answer 34

Pulmonary artery

Question 35

What is the most anteroinferior thing in the hilum?

Answer 35

Pulmonary veins

Question 36

What are the layers of the pleura?

Answer 36

Visceral pleura | Parietal pleura

Question 37

Where is the mediastinum?

Answer 37

Region between the pulmonary cavities Extends from thoracic inlet to diaphragm

Question 38

What are the areas within the mediastinum?

Answer 38

Superior mediastinum Anterior mediastinum Middle mediastinum Posterior mediastinum

Question 39

What are the borders of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 39

Superior = thoracic inlet Inferior = sternal angle level Anterior = manubrium Posterior = Vertebral bodies of T1-4 Lateral = lung pleurae

Question 40

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 40

``` Aortic arch SVC Vagus nerves Phrenic nerve Cardiac nerves Sympathetic trunk Thymus Trachea Oesophagus Thoracic duct ```

Question 41

What are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 41

Lateral = mediastinal pleura Anterior = sternum body Posterior = pericardium Roof = sternal angle level Floor = diaphragm

Question 42

What are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 42

Thymic remnants Lymph nodes Fat

Question 43

What are the borders of the middle mediastinum?

Answer 43

Anterior = anterior margin of the pericardium Posterior = posterior border of pericardium Lateral = mediastinal pleura Superior = sternal angle level Inferior = diaphragm

Question 44

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum?

Answer 44

``` Heart Pericardium Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk SVC Cardiac plexus Phrenic nerves Tracheal bifurcation + R/L bronchi ```

Question 45

What are the borders of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 45

Lateral = mediastinal pleura Anterior = pericardium Posterior = T5-12 vertebrae Roof = sternal angle level Floor = diaphragm

Question 46

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 46

``` Thoracic aorta Oesophagus Thoracic duct Azygous veins Sympathetic trunk ```

Question 47

Where does the thyroglossal duct lie if patent?

Answer 47

Connects thyroid to tongue Connects to the tongue at the foramen cecum