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Anatomy Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

muscles of mastication

A 
temporalis
masseter
medial ptyerygoid 
lateral pterygoid
supplied by CN V3
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2
Q

oral cavity nerve suppply

A

superior half CN V2
inferior half CN V3
orbicularis oris CN VII
gag reflex motor CN IX and CN X, sensory CNIX

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3
Q

parotid gland

A

secretes into mouuth by upper 2nd molar CN IX

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4
Q

submandibular

A

enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle CN VII

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5
Q

sublingual

A

lays in floor of mouth and secretes via several ducts CN VII

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6
Q

tongue papillae

A

foliate
vallate
fungiform
filiform - no taste buds

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7
Q

posterior third of tongue

A

vertical

CN IX for taste and general sensation

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8
Q

anterior 2 thirds of tongue

A

horizontal
CN VII taste
CN V3 supplies general sensory

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9
Q

tonsils

A

aggregates of lymphoid tissue

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10
Q

outer layer constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

CN X

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11
Q

inner layer longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

elevate larynx
close laryngeal inlet
shorten pharynx
CN X and CN IX

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12
Q

upper oesophageal sphincter

A

anatomical
at C6 level
cricopharyngeus

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13
Q

IVC, oesophagus and aorta pass through diaphragm

A

IVC - T8
oesophagus - T10
aorta - T12

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14
Q

layers of the digestive tract wall

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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15
Q

muscle types in oesophagus

A

upper 1/3 skeletal

lower 2/3 smooth

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16
Q

peritoneum

A

a continuous membrane that lines the abdominal cavily walls and organs

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17
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space between the viscerla and parietal layers

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18
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

covered in visceral peritoneum
minimal motility
liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, transverse colon, small bowel

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19
Q

retroperitoneal

A

only has visceral peritoneum on the anterior surface
no mobility
kidneys, pancreas, ascending and decending large bowel

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20
Q

organs with mesentery

A

visceral peritoneum wraps around organ to form double layer
very mobile
mesentery has blood supply and lymphatics
small bowel, transverse and sigmoid colon

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21
Q

greater omentum

A

extends from greater curvature of stomach doubles back uo to the transverse colon
4 layers

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22
Q

lesser omentum

A

extends from liver to lesser curvature of stomach

2 layers

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23
Q

sacs

A

omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs
2 sacs communicate through the omentum foramen (Winslow)

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24
Q

nerve supply to colon and anal canal

Study These Flashcards
A

pelvic splanchnic nerve S 2, 3, 4

25
regions
``` right hypochondrium epigastric left hypochondrium right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right inguinal pubic left inguinal ```
26
foregut
``` T6-T9 oesophagus to D2, liver, gallbladder, spleen, 1/2 pancreas coeliac axis splenic vein coeliac lymph nodes ```
27
midgut
``` T8-T12 D2 to proximal 2/3 transverse colon, 1/2 pancreas SMA superior mesenteric veins superior mesenteric lymph nodes ```
28
hindgut
``` T12-L2 distal 1/2 transverse colon, proximal 1/2 anal canal IMA inferior mesenteric vein inferior mesenteric lymph nodes ```
29
areas of stomach
fundus carida body pylorus
30
3 phases of gastric secretion
cephalic gastric intestinal
31
3 secretagogues inducing HCl secretion
ACh gastrin histamine
32
hypothalamic control of hunger
orexigenic neurons go to the feeding centre in the lateral hypothalmic area stimulates appetite anorexiogenic neurons go to the satiety centre in the ventromedial nuclei and inhibits appetite
33
Brunner's gland
in submucosa, release alkaline mucous to neutralise acidic chyme
34
small bowel absorption
``` lipids Na and water balance carbohydrates proteins calcium iron vitamins ```
35
motility
segmentation peristalsis colonic mass movement
36
venous drainage
inferior mesenteric vein (hindgut) into splenic vein (foregut) and superior mesenteric vein (midgut) into hepatic portal vein into IVC
37
key features of large bowel
``` haustra teniae coli omental appendices splenic flexure lies more superior than hepatic flexure colonic folds, crypts and microvilli ```
38
primary function of large bowel
net absorption of Na, Cl, water absorption of short chain fatty acids net secretion of K, HCO3, mucus
39
levator ani muscle
relaxes for defaecation tonically constracted to hold pelvis organs reflexively contracts further during coughing/sneezing has openings made up of smaller muscles suborectalis, pubococcgyeus, ileococcygeus supplied by pudendal nerve S2,3,4
40
rectal varices
related to portal hypertension, dilation of collateral veins
41
haemorrhoids
prolapse of rectal venous plexuses, due to increased pressure
42
internal anal sphincter
smooth muscle (involuntary) superior 2/3 of anal canal contraction by sympathetic nerves contracted all the time
43
external anal sphincter
skeletal muscle (voluntary) inferior 1/3 of anal canal contraction by puodenal nerve voluntary contraction in response to rectal ampulla distension
44
ishioanal fossae
on either side of anal canal filled with fat and loose connective tissue risk site for abscess formation
45
pectinate line
embryological line between the endoderm and ectoderm
46
nerve supply to rectum and anal canal
``` Sympathetics (motor) T12-L2 Travel to inferior mesenteric ganglia, synapse, travel vis periarterial plexuses Cause contraction of internal anal sphincter Inhibits peristalsis Parasympathetics (motor) S2, 3, 4 Via pelvic-splanchnic nerves Inhibit internal anal sphincter Stimulate peristalsis Visceral Afferents (sensory) S2, 3, 4 Run with parasympathetics Sense stretch, ischaemia Somatic Motor Pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4) Nerve to levator ani (S3, 4) Contraction of external anal sphincter & Puborectalis ```
47
liver functions
``` carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism production and secretion of bile storage immune protection interaction with hormones detoxify and metabolise drug ```
48
lobes of liver
right left caudate quadrate
49
portal triad
hepatic artery proper hepatic bile duct portal vein
50
portal hypertension
oesophageal varices caput medusae rectal varices
51
phase 1 reaction in liver
oxidise reduce hydrolyse make the drug more polar
52
phase 2 reaction in liver
add on another functional group to the polarised molecule
53
parts of gallbladder
fundus body neck cystic duct
54
Calot's triangle
where the cystic artery is located | made by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver
55
spleen
supplied by splenic artery intraperitoneal protected by ribs 9-11 breaks down RBC to produce bilirubin
56
parts of pancreas
head neck body tail
57
arterial supply to pancreas
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery originates from SMA | superior pancreaticoduodenal srtery comes from the gastrodudenal artery
58
nerve supply to pancreas
parasympathetic from vagus | sympathetic from abdominopelvic splanchnic

GI (10 decks)

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