Anatomy

Question 1

Dimensions of the pelvis

Answer 1

AP 11.5, transverse 13.5>11.5

Question 2

What are Shene’s Ducts?

Answer 2

lower 1 cm of urethra, drain to vestibule minor and have a lubricating function

Question 3

What are Bartholin’s Glands? How do cysts form?

Answer 3

Glands to the side of vagina introitus which secret mucus during arousal. Cysts form due to fluid in the DUCT not the gland.

Question 4

How long is the vagina?

Answer 4

6-7.5cm

Question 5

What cell type is found in the vagina?

Answer 5

Non cornified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What is the pH of the vagina?

Answer 6

4-5

Question 7

How big is the uterus in centimeters?

Answer 7

7.5-5cm

Question 8

What is the prevalence of retroverted uterus?

Answer 8

10%

Question 9

What is the muscle structure of the uterus?

Answer 9

3 layers - transverse, circular and long//circular/oblique (from outer to inner)

Question 10

What cell type/s are found in the cervix?

Answer 10

Mucus secreting ciliated columnar epithelium >stratified squamous epi

Question 11

What are the 7 ligaments of the female pelvis and where do they attach?

Answer 11

1. Anterior ligament - cervix across bladder to peritoneal perineum
2. Uterosacral ligament - uterus to sacrum
3. Broad ligaments - folds of peritoneum - uterus to lat wall
4. Round ligaments - anterior uterus to lat wall
5. Cardinal/transverse cervical ligament - cervix to fascia over obturator fossa. Medially form parametrium to enclose cervix, vagina, uterine arteries, nerve plexus
6. Ovarian ligament - uterus
7. Suspensory ligament - ovary to pelvic brim

Question 12

Which ligament in the female pelvis provides the strongest support?

Answer 12

Cardinal/transverse cervical ligament

Question 13

How long are the fallopian tubes?

Answer 13

10-12cm

Question 14

How big are the ovaries and what is their cell type?

Answer 14

2.5-5cm, cuboidal or columnar

Question 15

Structure of the fallopian tube from ovary>uterus

Answer 15

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitial

Question 16

Describe the blood supply of the vagina and uterus

Answer 16

Common iliac artery>internal iliac/hypogastric>anterior branch (supplies superior, middle and inferior vesical arteries of bladder, vaginal artery, uterine artery)

Question 17

Describe blood supply of the ovary

Answer 17

Aorta >ovarian artery anastamosis with uterine vessels (ovarian a. sits between renal a. and inferior mesenteric artery)

Question 18

What lymph nodes does the lower vagina/vulva/perineum and anus drain to?

Answer 18

Superficial femoral and inguinal nodes

Question 19

What lymph nodes to the cervix, uterus and upper vagina drain to?

Answer 19

Iliac nodes

Question 20

What lymph nodes do the uterine fundus/fallopian tubes and ovaries drain to?

Answer 20

Aortic nodes

Question 21

Where is uterine pain felt and what nerves are involved?

Answer 21

Sympathetic nerves T11/12, L1/L2. Pain felt in lower abdomen and high lumbar

Question 22

Where is cervical pain felt? Nerves involved?

Answer 22

Feel at site - parasymp afferent S1-S3

Question 23

Nerve supply of the vulva and pelvic floor

Answer 23

Pudendal S2-S4

Question 24

Nerve supply of mons and labia

Answer 24

Ilioinguinal L1, genitofemoral L1 and L2

Question 25

Nerve supply of perineum

Answer 25

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve S1-S3

Question 26

Nerve supply of ovaries

Answer 26

Sympathetic T10-T11

Question 27

Nerve supply of uterus and cervix

Answer 27

Hypogastric plexus (autonomic)

Question 28

Nerve supply of uterus, bladder and anorectum

Answer 28

Parasympathetic - S1-S3