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Flashcards in anatomy Deck (50)
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1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue and their functions?

A
  1. skeletal muscle - moves the body by pulling the bones on the skeleton, making it able for us to walk, dance, play, etc.
  2. cardiac muscle - pushes blood through the arteries and veins of the circulatory system.
  3. smooth muscle - pushes waste through the digestive tract and performs varied functions in other systems
2
Q

Skeletal muscle functions

A
  1. maintain posture and body position
  2. support soft tissue e.g. the abdominal wall
  3. regulate digestive and urinary tracts
  4. maintain body temperature
  5. produce skeletal muscle, which helps with simple motions.
3
Q

what does the axial musculature do

A

it is involved in movements of the head and spinal columb

4
Q

oblique & rectus muscles def

A

form the muscular walls of the thoracic and abdominal area. (Review muscles of the vertebral column diagram)

5
Q

locate Gastrocnemius and soleus on diagram

A

/2?

6
Q

anatomy def

A

The science that studies the structure of the human body

7
Q

define anatomical position

A
  1. standing with legs together and feet flat on the floor

2. hands are at the sides, and palms facing forwards.

8
Q

posterior def

A

the back/behind

9
Q

superior def

A

above; at a higher level (toward the head)

10
Q

inferior def

A

below, at a lower level

11
Q

true or false; when following anatomical directions, left and right always refers to the left or right side of the subject - NOT THE OBSERVER

A

true

12
Q

medial def

A

towards the midline

13
Q

lateral def

A

away from midline

14
Q

proximal def

A

toward an attached base

15
Q

distal def

A

away from an attached base

16
Q

superficial def

A

at near or relatively close to body surface

17
Q

deep def

A

towards interior of body, farther from the surface (E.g. the bone of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscle)

18
Q

the three types of planes and their definitions

A
  1. transverse plane - a transverse section separates superior and interior portions of the body.
  2. frontal plane - a frontal plane section separates anterior and posterior portions of the body.
  3. sagittal plane - a sagittal section separates left and right portions
19
Q

the foot is ______ to the knee

A

inferior

20
Q

in the anatomical position the subject:

a. is lying down
b. has arms placed above head
c. is standing upright facing the observer with palms facing backward
d. is standing upright facing the observer.

A

d.

21
Q

the anatomical term which best describes a structure toward the head is:

a. superficial
b. deep
c. inferior
d. superior

A

d.

22
Q

the best anatomical term to describe the back region of the body would be:

a. dorsal
b. proximal
c. posterior
d. anterior

A

c.

23
Q

in the anatomical position, the thumbs point:

a. in, toward the body
b. out, away from the body
c. forward
d. backward

A

b.

24
Q

the big toe is ______ to the little toe:

a. medial
b. lateral
c. superior
d. inferior

A

a.

25
Q

the arm is ______ to the hand:

a. medial
b. lateral
c. proximal
d. distal

A

c.

26
Q

flexion def

A

describes a bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts

27
Q

extension def

A

describes a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

28
Q

abduction def

A

a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body

29
Q

adduction def

A

a motion that pulls a structure of part toward the midline of the body

30
Q

pronation def

A

a rotational movement - hand/upper arm turn inward

31
Q

supination def

A

a rotational movement - forearm or palms turn outward

32
Q

inversion def

A

tilts side of foot towards the bodies midline

33
Q

eversion def

A

tilts side of the foot away from the midline of the body

34
Q

internal (medial) rotation def

A

rotation toward the centre of the body

35
Q

external (lateral) rotation def

A

rotation away from the centre of the body

36
Q

what is the clavicle

A

a collarbone

37
Q

what is a scapula

A

shoulderblade

38
Q

what are corporal bones

A

wrist bones

39
Q

what are metacarpal bones

A

palm bones

40
Q

what are phalanges

A

fingers

41
Q

how many bones in the skull

A

22

42
Q

how many bones associated with the skull

A

7

43
Q

how many bones in the vertebral column

A

26

44
Q

how many bones in the thoracic cage

A

25

45
Q

how many bones in the axial skeleton

A

80

46
Q

how many bones in the skeletal system

A

206

47
Q

what two are the two parts of the skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

48
Q

The axial system consists of the bones from the:

A

skull, thorax and vertebral column

49
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the girdle that connects them to the trunk.

50
Q

the 6 functions of the axial skeleton

A
  1. houses special sense organs (hear, taste, smell, sight, and balance)
  2. provides surface area for the attachment of muscles
  3. adjust the position of the head, neck and trunk
  4. perform respiratory movements
  5. stabilize or position structures
  6. the joints permit limited movement, but are very strong