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anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

what structures found in cortex and medulla?

A

cortex - glomeruli, PCT/DCT,

medulla - loops of H, collecting ducts

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2
Q

uniferous tubule equals ?

A

nephron and collecting duct

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3
Q

what lines visceral and parietal layers of glomeruli?

A

parietal - epithelium -squamous simple

visceral - podocytes

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4
Q

most common renal cancer?

A

clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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5
Q

metastases of renal cancer to? 3

A

bone
lung
liver

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6
Q

epithelium of ureter?

A

stratified transitional epithelium

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7
Q

muscle of ureter?

A

upper 2/3 - 2 layers of smooth muscle

lower 1/3 - 3 layers of smooth muscle

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8
Q

how is urine moved in ureter?

A

peristalsis

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9
Q

lining of bladder?

A

transitional epithelium lining

folded mucosa

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10
Q

4 layers to kidney?

A

renal capsule
perirenal fat
renal fascia - fibro/fatty tissue
pararenal fat - posterior

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11
Q

kidney lie at what level?

A

T12-L3

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12
Q

hila of kidney lie where?

A

L1

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13
Q

order of hilum?

A

renal vein - superior and infront
renal artery - under
renal ureter - under - posterior

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14
Q

lymph nodes of kidneys?

A

drain to para-aortic nodes

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15
Q

visceral layer of bowman capsule lined by?

A

podocytes

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16
Q

renal arteries arise where?

A

L1-2

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17
Q

LEFT AND RIGHT testicular veins drain into where?

A

left testicular vein - drains into LRV

right testicular vein - drains into IVC

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18
Q

URETER & posts major relationship?

A

ureter lies over posts major muscle

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19
Q

ureter and external iliac artery relationship?

A

ureter crosses over the external iliac artery

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20
Q

ureter and testicular artery relationship?

A

testicular artery runs over ureter

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21
Q

ureter intra/retro peritoneal ?

A

ureter is retroperitoneal

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22
Q

ovarian and uterine artery and ureter relationship?

A

ovarian artery runs over and superiorly to ureter

uterine artery - runs anterior in female

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23
Q

3 constrictions of ureter?

A

PUJ - OF RENAL PELVIS and ureter

ureters enter pelvis & crosses iliac artery bifurcation

VUJ - ureter enters bladder

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24
Q

how does ureters enter bladder?

A

posterior - openings in back

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25
muscle type of internal and external urethral sphincter?
internal - smooth external - skeletal
26
muscle of bladder?
detrusor - smooth muscle
27
urachus remnant meaning? where is it?
embryo remnant of allantois and cloaca called as ureteric bud connects apex of bladder to umbilicus by median umbilical ligament
28
4 layers of tissue of bladder?
mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa/adventitia
29
when do bladder enlarge?
when there is an obstruction to urine - in ureter/urethra
30
where do urethra enter/go through?
goes through pelvic diaphragm
31
layers of ureter wall? 3
fibrous coat - connective tissue muscular coat - 2 layers of smooth muscle- peristalsis muscosa - transitional epithelium
32
transitional epithelium lines what?
inside kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
33
what is smooth muscle function in ureter?
for peristalsis and propel urine
34
relationship between ureter and vas deferens?
in males vas deferens crosses ureters anteriorly
35
aorta and ivc on which side?
aorta on left
36
vas defers run where in relation to bladder?
vas deferns crosses with ureter and enters with it at back of bladder
37
ureteric bud lead to what?
ureter, renal pelvis, major/minor calyces and CD
38
metenephric blastema leads to what?
excretory system - tubules, glomeruli and bowman capsule, loop of H
39
what stuff covers over left and right kidney in front?
left - suprarenal gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, colon, jejunum right - suprarenal gland, liver, duodenum, colon, jejunum
40
posterior surface of kidneys?
diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus lomborum, transversus abdominis
41
poles, surfaces and borders of kidney?
2 poles - superior/inferior 2 surfaces - anterior/posterior 2 borders - convex/concave
42
what 2 nerves run behind kidneys?
iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve on posterior surface of kidney
43
renal columns and pyramids explain and where?
renal columns run between pyramids in medulla
44
renal lobe includes?
cortex + medulla segment
45
renal arteries branches? 3
segmental branches - 5 interlobular branches acuate branches
46
nerve supply to kidney?
renal plexus sympathetic - T10-L1 sensory afferent - T11-L5
47
RENAL VEIN DRAIN INTO WHERE?
ivc
48
peritoneum of bladder? and creates what?
covers over superior surface of bladder - creates Douglas pouch
49
umbilical folds 2 types - explain how formed?
two medial umbilical folds - occluded umbilical artery two lateral umbilical folds - inferior epigastric vessels
50
parts of urethra? 4 IN MEN
- pre-prostatic part - prostatic - membranous - spongy - penile
51
widest/longest/narrowest part of urethra?
WIDEST - prostatic NARROWEST - membranous LONGEST - spongy - penile
52
length of male urethra?
18-20cm
53
nerves for bladder? roots AND FUNCTION?
sympathetic - T10-L2 - constrict internal sphincter parasympathetic - S2-S4 - constrict detrusor muscle and relax internal sphincter somatic - S2-S4 - pudenal nerve - external sphincter
54
ejaculatory duct enters where?
enters and joins urethra and carries semen in
55
renal corpuscles is what?
glomerulus + bowmen capsule
56
nephron includes what?
renal corpuscles + renal tubules(PT,DT AND LOOP)
57
JUXTAGLOMERULAR apparatus function? includes what?
regulates BP and gfr via the renin angiotensin system -macula densa + jux cells
58
ureter histology see what?
transitional epihtelium star shaped inner and outer smooth muscle(c + l)
59
bladder layers? on histology
transitional epithelium inner L middle circ outer L
60
nerves to kindeys? sympathetic parasympatethic
by renal plexus sympathetic nerves in t12 and L1 spinal segments - sphlanic nerves parasympathetic from vagus
61
renal arteries arise where?
L1/2
62
branches of renal arteries? 3
segmental branches interlobular arcuate branches
63
what does adrenal medulla layer contain? 2
loops of hence | deep collection ducts
64
cortex adrenal layer contain? 2
glomeruli | convoluted tubules
65
3 cells in glomeruli?
podocytes capillary cells mozyniel cells
66
epithelium lining of ureter?
stratified transitional epithelium
67
muscle of ureter tube??
smooth muscle upper 2/3 - 2 layers = inner L & outer C lower 1/3 - 3 layers = inner L & middle circle & outer long
68
how is urine squeezed out?
peristalsis
69
3 muscles related to posterior kidney surface?
posts major quadrates lomborum trasnverus abdominus
70
2 nerves run on posterior surface of kidney?
iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve
71
renal lobe includes?
cortex and medulla
72
regions of male urethra? 4
intramural - pre-prostatic prostatic membranous spongy
73
widest and narrowest part of male urethera?
widest - prostatic | narrowest - membranous
74
muscle of bladder?
detrusor
75
nerve supply to bladder? sympathetic parasympathetic somatic
sympathetic - t11-l2 - constrict IUS parasympathetic - S2-4 - motor to detrusor muscle/relax IUS somatic - pudenal nerve - EUS - VOLUNTARY CONTROL
76
ARTERY of bladder?
internal iliac artery
77
epithelium of TUBULES?
cuboidal
78
bladder 3 layers?
inner longitudinal middle circular outer longitudinal
79
3 constrictions of ureter?
pelvicureteric junction pelvic brim - enters over bifurcation vesicoureteric junction
80
median umbilical ligament is remnant of?
urachus of hindgut
81
why transitional epithelium good?
cells stretch to accommodate the fluctuation of urine flow

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