Anatomy and biomechanics

Question 1

Axial

Answer 1

80 bones that comprise the head, neck and trunk

Question 2

Appendicular

Answer 2

126 bones that form the extremities

Question 3

Anatomical position

Answer 3

Standing position with the feet together and the arms extended at the side

Question 4

Sagittal

Answer 4

Runs from front to back and divides the body into left and right halves

Question 5

Frontal

Answer 5

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 6

Transverse

Answer 6

Runs horizontally across the body and creates superior and inferior segments

Question 7

Superior

Answer 7

Above

Question 8

Inferior

Answer 8

Below

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

Front

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Back

Question 11

Lateral

Answer 11

A location on the body that is away from the midline of the body, or outside

Question 12

Medial

Answer 12

A location on the body toward the midline of the body, or inside

Question 13

Primary mover

Answer 13

Muscle groups that are primarily responsible for a movement

Question 14

Agonist

Answer 14

The muscle responsible for a particular joint motion

Question 15

Synergistic

Answer 15

Assist the agonist in movement

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

The opposing muscle group to the agonist

Question 17

Stabilizers

Answer 17

Muscles that contract isometrically and protect the joint from unwanted movement

Question 18

Articulation

Answer 18

The point of contact or connection between the bones, or between bones and cartilage

Question 19

Tendon

Answer 19

Attach muscle to bone

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

Attach bone to bone

Question 21

Isometric

Answer 21

A muscular contraction in which there is no change in the angle of the involved joint and little or no change in the length of the contracting muscle

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

A muscular contraction in which a constant load is moved through a range of motion of the involved joint(s)

Question 23

Concentric

Answer 23

The force generated by the muscle is greater than that of the applied resistance, and the muscle shortens as it contracts

Question 24

Eccentric

Answer 24

The external force exceed the contractile force generated by the muscle, and the muscle lengthens

Question 25

Flexion

Answer 25

Usually means a decrease in the angle between two bones

Question 26

Extension

Answer 26

Usually means an increase in the angle between two bones

Question 27

Abduction

Answer 27

An arm or leg is moved away from the midline of the body

Question 28

Adduction

Answer 28

An arm or leg is moved toward the midline of the body

Question 29

Circumduction

Answer 29

Combination of flexing, abduction, extension, and adduction

Ex. Wrist in circular motion

Question 30

Rotation

Answer 30

Motion of a bone around a central axis

Question 31

Supination

Answer 31

Lateral or outward rotation

Ex. Hand movement outward for communion

Question 32

Pronation

Answer 32

Medial or inward rotation

Ex hands down

Question 33

The three perpendicular planes of reference:

And moves the body how?

Answer 33

1. Sagittal ….divides the body into right and left halves.
   In this plane the body moves flexion and extension
2. Frontal ….divides the body anterior and posterior halves.
   In this plane the body moves in adduction, abduction and lateral flexion
3. Transverse ….divides the body superior and inferior halves
   In this plane the body moves in rotation