Anatomy and Funtion

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

contains motor cortex in its posterior aspect and neuronal networks for behavior and behavioral expression

Question 2

Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

houses cortex for sensation, optic radiations for visual interpretation, and language centers including Brocas and Wernicke

Question 3

Wernickes Area

Answer 3

lies at the temporoparietal junction (lies between temporal and parietal lobes) and responsible for language comprehension

Question 4

Brocas area

Answer 4

lies in frontal lobe and responsible for speech production

Question 5

Where is the language network located

Answer 5

generally on the L side in most people

Question 6

occipital lobe

Answer 6

Primarily responsible for vision and interpretation of visual sensory signals and contains primary visual cortex

Question 7

temporal lobe

Answer 7

responsible for coding visual memory and processing auditory and visual sensory input and language comprehension.

Question 8

basal ganglia

Answer 8

serves as the coordinating center for nerve tracts that include muscle movement

Question 9

Structures in the limbic system

Answer 9

hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus

Question 10

limbic system

Answer 10

group of nuclei and cortical structures that encode memory and regulate autonomic nervous system and endocrine function in response to emotional stimuli

Question 11

hypothalamus

Answer 11

coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function; main center of control of body temp, circadian rhythm, and osmolality (body water)

Question 12

amygdala

Answer 12

plays crucial role in management of stress, rage, and anxiety. And is the center for memory and emotion. AKA: emotional amplifier

Question 13

hippocampus

Answer 13

centers for memory and learning; particularly establishment of short-term memory

Question 14

structures in the diencephalon

Answer 14

thalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

all sensory pathways pass through thalamus

Question 16

pituitary gland

Answer 16

located at base of the brain; divided into two lobes: Frontal lobe responsible for producing hormones, Posterior lobe responsible for releasing hormones.

Question 17

pineal gland

Answer 17

produces serotonin and melatonin; contributes to circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

located in the dorsal aspect of pons; contributes to movement coordination and maintaining balance and position sense.
Also responsible for unconscious coordination of movement

Question 19

brain stem structures

Answer 19

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 20

brain stem

Answer 20

responsible for most basic neurologic functions and reflexes

Question 21

cerebral metabolism

Answer 21

brain uses 20% of body’s oxygen and 15% of cardiac output; can’t store and relies on constant supply of oxygen & glucose.

Question 22

Ischemic cascade

Answer 22

• normal cerebral blood flow: 50-55mL/100g/min
• oligemia: 30-40mL
• moderate ischemia (penumbra): 20-30mL
• severe ischemia & cell death: perfusion drops to 0-10mL/100g/min

Question 23

4 arteries that carry oxygenated blood to brain

Answer 23

R & L carotid (anterior circulation)
R & L vertebral (posterior circulation)

Question 24

what does the basilar artery feed

Answer 24

pons and cerebellum

Question 25

Circle of Willis function

Answer 25

serves as the blood supply connection between the anterior and posterior sections of the brain

Question 26

Vessels in anterior circulation

Answer 26

starts at COW; MCA, ACA, PCA

Question 27

vessels in posterior circulation

Answer 27

bilat vertebral arteries, basilar artery,