anatomy and phy chapter 6

Question 1

Support. Bone is hard and rigid

Answer 1

cartilage is flexible yet strong.

Cartilage in nose, external ear, thoracic cage and trachea

Question 2

Connect body parts.

Answer 2

Ligaments - bone to bone

Question 3

Protection

Answer 3

Skull around brain; ribs, sternum, vertebrae protect

organs of thoracic cavity

Question 4

Movement

Answer 4

Produced by muscles on bones, via tendons.
Ligaments allow some movement between bones but prevent
excessive movement

Question 5

5. Storage. Ca2+ and Phosphorus

Answer 5

Stored then released as needed.

Adipose tissue stored in marrow cavities.

Question 6

Blood cell production

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

Hematopoietic tissue)

Answer 7

that gives rise to blood cells (red =

Question 8

erythrocytes, white =

Answer 8

leukocytes, and platelets = thrombocytes)

Question 9

• Bones

Answer 9

Compact bone

– Spongy (trabecular or cancellous) bone

Question 10

• Cartilages

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage
– Fibrocartilage
– Elastic cartilage

Question 11

• Tendons

Answer 11

– Attachment of muscle (skeletal) to bone

Question 12

Ligaments

Answer 12

Attachment of bone to bone

Question 13

Osteoblasts (Immature bone cells)

Answer 13

Formation of bone through ossification

or osteogenesis

Question 14

Ossification

Answer 14

formation of bone by

osteoblasts.

Question 15

Osteoblasts

Answer 15

communicate through
gap junctions. Cells surround
themselves by matrix.

Question 16

Collagen

Answer 16

produced by E.R. and golgi.

Released by exocytosis

Question 17

Precursors of

hydroxyapatite

Answer 17

stored in vesicles, then

released by exocytosis.

Question 18

fetal

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage

Question 19

Osteoclasts (Destructive bone cells

Answer 19

Function: resorption of bone
– Hormonally induced (Parathyroid Hormone – PTH)
– Release enzymes that digest the bone

Question 20

Osteocytes (Mature bone cells)

Answer 20

Stellate. Surrounded by matrix, but
can make small amounts of matrix to
maintain it.

Question 21

– Lacunae

Answer 21

spaces occupied by

osteocyte cell body

Question 22

Canaliculi:

Answer 22

canals occupied by

osteocyte cell processes

Question 23

Nutrients

Answer 23

diffuse through tiny amount
of liquid surrounding cell and filling
lacunae and canaliculi. Transfer
nutrients from one cell to the next
through GAP JUNCTION

Question 24

Osteoclasts (Destructive bone cells)

Answer 24

Function: resorption of bone
– Hormonally induced (Parathyroid Hormone – PTH)
– Release enzymes that digest the bone.

Question 25

osteoclasts

Answer 25

break down bone matrix/ destroy the bone matrix

Question 26

osteoblasts

Answer 26

formation bone matrix

Question 27

osteocytes

Answer 27

maintain the bone matrix

Question 28

• Long bone

Answer 28

Ex. Upper and lower | limbs

Question 29

short bone

Answer 29

– Ex. Carpals and tarsal

Question 30

flat bone

Answer 30

Ex. Ribs, sternum, | skull, scapulae

Question 31

irregular bone

Answer 31

– Ex. Vertebrae, facial

Question 32

• Diaphysis

Answer 32

Shaft | – Compact bone

Question 33

Epiphysis

Answer 33

– End of the bone | – Spongy bone

Question 34

Epiphyseal plate:

Answer 34

Hyaline cartilage; present until | growth stops

Question 35

• Periosteum

Answer 35

– Outer is fibrous layer of bone

Question 36

– Inner is single layer of bone cells

Answer 36

including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and | osteochondral progenitor cells (bone stem cells)

Question 37

periosteum

Answer 37

– Fibers of tendon become continuous with fibers of

Question 38

• Endosteum

Answer 38

Similar to periosteum, but more cellular CELLS. Lines all internal spaces including spaces in spongy bone. lining inside the cavity of the bone

Question 39

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 39

In Long Bone: At the Diaphysis | • Secondary center of ossification

Question 40

primary center of ossification

Answer 40

begins at the diaphysis or the shaft

Question 41

secondary ossification center

Answer 41

begin at the ends or the epiphysis of the bone

Question 42

1. Hematoma formation

Answer 42

Localized mass of blood released from blood vessels but confined within an organ or space. Clot formation

Question 43

2. Callus formation. Callus

Answer 43

mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site and connects the broken ends of the bone.

Question 44

3. Callus ossification.

Answer 44

Callus replaced by woven, spongy bone

Question 45

4. Bone remodeling

Answer 45

Replacement of spongy bone and damaged material by compact bone. Sculpting of site by osteoclasts

Question 46

body

Answer 46

main part

Question 47

head

Answer 47

enlarged end

Question 48

neck

Answer 48

constriction between head and body

Question 49

Margin or border

Answer 49

edge

Question 50

angle

Answer 50

bend

Question 51

tubercle

Answer 51

small rounded bump

Question 52

process

Answer 52

prominent projection

Question 53

fossa

Answer 53

general term for a depression

Question 54

fovea

Answer 54

little pit

Question 55

foramen

Answer 55

hole

Question 56

canal or meatus

Answer 56

tunnel