Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards by Laura Cybulski

Which of the following ligaments travels in the upper part of the broad ligaments below and in front of the fallopian tubes, passing over the vesicle vessels and nerve?

Cardinal

Uterosacral

Round

Pubofemoral

Round

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The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the:

Subclavian

Carotid

Brachiocephalic

Radial

Left Subclavian

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Which organ is completely retroperitoneal?

Liver

Kidney

Colon

Duodenum

kidney

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Which of the following nerves is located lateral to the long thoracic nerve and innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Thoracodorsal

Long thoracic

Lateral pectoral

Subscapular

Thoracodorsal

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Which of the following is the nourishing coat of the eyeball that consists mainly of blood vessels?

Iris

Chorid

Ciliary body

Central artery

Choroid

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Collagen is produced by which of the following connective tissue cells?

Leukocytes

Osteoclasts

Fibroblasts

Erythrocytes

Fibroblasts

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What is normal cardiac output for an adult?

4-8 L/minute

8-12 L/minute

12-16 L/minute

16-20 L.minute

4-8 L/ Minute

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The white line of Hilton is situated:

Between the superior hemorrhoidal artery and middle hemorrhoidal artery

In the area between the proximal two-thirds and distal third of the transverse colon

Between the external and internal anal sphincters

Between the rectum and vagina

Between the external and internal sphincters

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Two-thirds of the breast tissue rests on the pectoralis major muscle and the other one-third rests on the:

Pectoralis minor

Teres minor

Serratus anterior

External oblique

Serratus Anterior

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Which of the following veins drains the right side of the verebral column?

Thoracic

Lumbar

Azygos

Posterior intercostal

Azygos

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The arterial blood supply to the nose is from branches of the internal and external:

Inferior thyroid artery

Maxillary

Ethmoid

Facial

Ethmoid

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Which of the following statements describes a nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve?

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus and travels directly into the larynx

Variant laryngeal nerve and innervates the thyrohyoid membrane

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and innervates the cricothyroid muscle

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches off the spinal branch of the accessory nerve an innervates the larynx

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus and travels directly into the larynx

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The series of arcades along the mesenteric border throughout the length of the colon is called the:

Arc of Riolan

Marginal artery of Drummond

Pancreaticoduodenal arch

Paracolic arcade

Marginal Artery of Drummond

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Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes:

Splenomegaly

Acromegaly

Cardiomegaly

Hepatomegaly

Acromegaly

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The three structures that form the anatomical triangle of Calot:

Cystic artery, right hepatic duct, common bile duct

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, abdominal aorta

Cystic artery, common bile duct, superior edge of duodenum

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver

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A chemical reaction that provides energy by the breakdown of food molecules is called:

Catabolism

Metabolism

Glycogenesis

Anabolism

Catabolism

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In the inner lining of the mucosa of the GI tract composed of:

Smooth muscle

Areolar connective tissue

Epithelium

Elastic connective tissue

Epithelium

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Which of the following are branches of the left coronary artery?

Anterior interventricular and right marginal

Posterior interventricular and diagonal

Circumflex and anterior descending arteries

Sinoatrial nodal and atrioventricular nodal

circumflex and anterior descending arteries

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The celiac artery trifurcates into the:

Left gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries

Internal and external iliac and femoral arteries

Lumbar, gastric and splenic arteries

Renal, testicular and suprarenal arteries

Left Gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries

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The carotid body and carotid sinus are two sensory structures; the carotid body is a:

Chemoreceptor

Neuroreceptor

Peptide receptor

Beta-adrenergic receptor

Chemoreceptor

( designed to monitor oxygen levels)

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The dura plane that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:

Roof cerebli, flat

Tentorium cerebelli, transverse

Transverse cerebelli, sigmoid

Triangle cerebelli, sagittal

Tentorium cerebelli, transverse

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Which of the following is a principal muscle of the pelvic floor?

Rectus abdominis

Internal oblique

Levator ani

Sartorius

Lavator ani

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Lymph channels run parallel to which structures?

Nerves

Veins

Arteries

Ligaments

Veins

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The arterial supply to the bladder is derived mainly from the:

Obturator

Internal pudendal

Internal iliac

Umbilical

Internal iliac

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Which of the following veins drains the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull? Emissary Middle cerebral Cerebellar veins Radial veins

Emissary

Where do the mental nerves and vessels exit from the mandible? Fissure Fossa Fontanel Foramen

foramen

Which of the following ligaments encloses the round ligament and extends from the lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall? Suspensory Ovarian Infundibulopelvic Broad

Broad

The ophthalmic artery divides into the: Supraorbital and supratrochlear Internal and external carotid Middle meningeal and dorsal nasal Episcleral and posterior ciliary

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Deoxygenated blood is carried from the right ventricle to the lungs via which strucutre? Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Coronary artery Vena cava

Pulmonary Arteries

The veins of Sappey drain the: Spleen Bladder Diaphragm Lumbar verebrae

Diaphragm

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscle? Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV)

Trochlear (IV)

An anzyme active in the digestion of starches is: Amylase Trypsin Lipase Lactase

Amylase

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm? Phrenic Thoracic Median Thoracodorsal

Phrenic

Which of the following is the loose areolar tissue that separates the breast from the pectoralis major muscle? Subcutaneous tissue Retromammary space Cooper's ligament Superficial fascia

Retromammary Space

Another name for the folds on the inner wall of the stomach is: Microvilli Plicae Rugae Pylorus

Rugae

The anastomosis, or linking, of arcades between the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels is known as the long anastomosis of: Roe Riolan Douglas Retzius

Riolan

The three protective tissue layers called the meninges lie in the following order, starting with the most superficial: Arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

The cartilage distal to the thyroid cartilage and proximal to the thyroid gland is the: Articular Cricoid Tracheal Hyoid

Cricoid

The valve that prevents the retrograde flow of blood into the atrium from the left ventricle is the: Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral Aortic

Mitral

The recurrent laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to the: Inferior thyroid artery Brachial artery External carotid Subclavian artery

Inferior Thyroid Artery

At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery? Within the inguinal canal At the location of the inguinal ligament At the location of the ilioinguinal nerve Within the triangle of doom

at the location of the inguinal ligament

A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a: Crest Trochlea Tubercle Condyle

condyle

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye? Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Facial (VII)

Abducens (VI)

The ovary is suspended from the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the: Mesovarium Parietal peritoneum Ovarian ligament Uterus

Mesovarium

Langer lines generally lie perpendicular to the direction of: Skin folds Underlying muscle tension A midline incision Movement of the bone joints

underlying muscle tension

Which cells secrete pepsinogen? Beta Islands of Langerhans Chief Parietal

Chief

Which vein is shared by the pancreas and liver? Superior vena cava Subclavian Portal Renal

Portal

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the inferior, medial, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebra muscles of the eye? Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV)

Oculomotor (III)

The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the: Internal iliac artery External iliac artery Aorta Femoral artery

Internal Iliac Artery

Which two electrolytes are essential for normal cardiac contractions? Phosphate and chloride Magnesium and sodium Bicarbonate and sulfate Potassium and calcium

Potassium and Calcium

Jackson's membrane would be found near the: Cecum Ascending colon Descending colon Rectum

Cecum

Fissure of Sylvius separates the: Frontal and temporal lobe Parietal and occipital lobe Occipital and temporal lobe Temporal lobe and olfactory area

Frontal and Temporal Lobe

Which of the following arteries divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries? Internal carotid External carotid Verebral Basilar

Internal Carotid

The two muscles that form the pelvic diaphragm are: Levator ani and coccygeus Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus Psoas and piriformis Puborectalis and obturator internus

Levator ani and coccygeus

The avascular area located in the mesentery and to the left of the middle colic artery is: The space of Riolan Sudeck's point Jackson's veils Alcock's canal

The Space of Riolan

The arterial blood supply to the breast is supplied from branches of the: Internal mammary, axillary and lateral thoracic Internal thoracic and subclavian Brachiocephalic and pulmonary Intercostal and phrenic

Internal Mammary, Axillary and Lateral Thoracic

Which vein proximally travels across the neck of the abdominal aorta? Inferior mesenteric Left common iliac Splenic Renal

Renal

The ovarian artery is a branch of the: Pelvic artery Cystic artery Rectal artery Abdominal aorta

Abdominal Aorta

The sphincter located at the distal end of the CBD that opens into the duodenum is the: Oddi Vater Wirsung Pyloric

Oddi

Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the internal carotid? Vertebral Aorta Middle cerebral Facial

Middle Cerebral

What structures are located in the anterior mediastinum? Upper trachea, esophagus Phernic nerves, lower trachea and bifurcation Thymus, ascending aorta, lymph nodes Descending aorta, thoracic duct, vagus nerve, azygous vein

thymus, Ascending Aorta, Lymph Nodes

The great sensory nerve of the face and head is the: Trochlear (IV) Oculomotor (III) Hypoglossal (XII) Trigeminal (V)

Trigeminal (V)

Which ligament is attached to the posterior lateral condyle of the femur and to the notch of the midline of the tibia between the tibial condyles? Posterior cruciate Patellar Anterior cruciate Lateral collateral

Posterior Cruciate

Which of the following areas located in the frontal gyrus of the brain controls the function of speech? Brodmann's Broca's Temporal Cerebral cortex

Broca's

In addition to the zygoma, which other bone comprises the zygomatic arch? Maxilla Mandible Temporal Sphenoid

Temporal

The gastric, right gastric, right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic, and short gastric arteries supply the: Spleen Stomach Duodenum Kidney

Stomach

Which of the following structures of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces? Nephron Bladder Renal pelvis Ureter

Renal Pelvis

Body temperature is regulated by the: Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

The gelatinous substance within the intervertebral disc is called the: Spinous process Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus Intervertebral foramen

Nucleus Pulposus

The nerve of Grassi is associated with the: Stomach Liver Heart Bladder

Stomach

Which of the following arteries supplies the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal portion of the transverse colon? Pancreaticoduodenal Superior mesenteric Abdominal aorta Inferior mesenteric

Superior Mesenteric

The head of the pancreas is surrounded by the: Jejunum Duodenum Ilieum Pylorus

duodenum

The third ventricle of the brain empties into the fourth ventricle through the: Aqueduct of Sylvius Choroid plexuses Foramen venosum Foramen spinosum

Aqueduct of Sylvius

Which of the following lymph nodes is located between the pectoralis major and minor muscles? Axillary Inguinal Rotter Thoracic

Rotter

Which rectus muscle moves the eyeball upward and medially? Lateral Median Inferior Superior

Superior

Which of the following cavities within the brain is filled with CSF? Aperture Medulla Pyramids Ventricles

Ventricles

The anatomical division between the inguinal and femoral regions is the: Femoral artery Cooper's ligament Internal spermatic vessels Poupart's ligament

Poupart's Ligament

Which of the following nerves travels along the anterior-lateral chest wall and innervates the serratus anterior muscle? Axillary Long thoracic Thoracodorsal Musculotaneous

Long thoracic

The inner lining of the mucosa within the GI tract is composed of: Smooth striated muscle Areolar connective tissue Simple columnar epithelium Elastic connective tissue

Simple Columnar Epithelium

The arterial supply to the intestinal tract, with the exception of the stomach, duodenum, and distal rectum, is derived from the: Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries Cystic artery Gastroduodenal artery Hepatic artery

Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries

The point of separation between the posterior rectus sheath superiorly and absence of the sheath inferiorly is called the: Arcuate line Linea alba Semilunaris Aspera

Arcuate Line

The node of Lund is located in the: Triangle of Calot Inguinal canal Patella bursa Carotid triangle of the neck

Triangle of Calot

Adipose tissue lies in which of the following skin layers? Epidermal Subcutaneous Dermal Reticular

Subcutaneous

The mammary gland is fixed to the overlying skin and the underlying pectoral fascia by fibrous bands known as: Lobules Acini Suspensory ligaments of Cooper Deep pectoral fascia

Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper

The tibial and common peroneal nerves are terminal branches of which of the following nerves? Femoral Peroneal Sciatic Splenic

Sciatic

At the base of each internal carotid artery is an enlargement called the: Bulb Body Sinus Plexus

Sinus

Spinal fluid is produced by the: Choroid plexus Lateral ventricle Dura mater Cerebrum

Choroid Plexus

Which ligament connects the thyroid to the trachea? Berry Recurrent Lateral Posterior

Berry

The area where the CBD joins the pancreatic duct and enters the duodenum is called the: Ampulla of Vater Duct of Santorini Duct of Wirsung Islets of Langerhans

Ampulla of Vater

Which of the following nerves innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle? Subscapular Thoracodorsal Lateral pectoral Intercostobrachial

Toracodorsal

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the thyroid gland? Vertebral Axillary Internal carotid External carotid

External Carotid

The liver is divided into two principal lobes by which of the following ligaments? Cruciate Round Falciform Coronary

Falciform

Where is Hartmann's pouch located? Gallbladder infundibulum Apex of the gallbladder Stomach Liver

Gallbladder Infundibulum

The flexure between the transverse colon and the descending colon is called the: Hepatic Splenic Gastic Colic

Splenic Flexure

Water constitutes what average normal percentage of total body weight? 20%-40% 50%-70% 70%-85% 15%-25%

50 - 70 % (60%)

Which of the following is the name for the small pancreatic duct? Wirsung Santorini Accessory Cystic

Santorini

The coronary arteries originates at the base of the ascending aorta, also known as the: Sinuses of Valsalva Pulmonary sinuses Coronary sinuses Aortic sinus

Aortic Sinus

The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the: Larynx Isthmus Parathyroid gland Cricoid cartilage

Isthmus

The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the: Internal iliac artery External iliac artery Aorta Femoral artery

Internal Iliac Artery

The rectus sheaths that meet to form a tough fibrous white band that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis is the: Rectus abdominis External oblique Linea alba Serratus anterior

Linea Alba

The small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder are called: Hepatopancreatic Luschka Hepatic Portal

Hepatic

At which vertebral level is the odontoid process located/ C1 C2 C7 L15

The fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres: Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Central sulcus Circular sulcus

Falx Cerebri

The lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle through the opening called: Foramen of Monro Foramen ovale Foramen of Vesalius Foramen magnum

Foramen of Monro

The structure that binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: Mesentery Greater omentum Falciform ligament Lesser omentum

Mesentary

Hesselbach's triangle is bounded by the rectus abdominis muscle, inferior epigastric vessels and: External oblique muscle Falciform ligament Inguinal ligament Linea alba

Inguinal Ligament

Which of the following separates the frontal and temporal lobes? Fissure of Sylvius Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Bichat Longitudinal fissure

Fissure of Sylvius

Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the skull, and descends through the neck region into the thorax and abdominal region? IX X XI XII

Vagus (X)

The terminal arterial branches of the aorta are the: Renal and gonadal Superior and inferior mesenteric Right and left common iliacs Inferior phrenic and lumbar

Right and Left Common Iliacs

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the brain? Anterior and middle cerebral arteries Vertebral and internal carotids External and internal carotids Occipital and thyrocervical

Vertebral and Internal Carotids

The frontal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the central sulcus, also called the: Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Tentorium cetrebelli Transverse fissure

Fissure of Rolando

Valves of the gallbladder are called: Calot's Heister Hepatic Interlobular

Heister

A prolongation of the breast tissue located in the upper, outer part of the breast that passes through an opening in the axillary fascia is called the: Axillary tail of Spence Cooper's ligament Axillary fascia Sebaceous gland

Axillary Tail of Spence

The branch of the aortic arch are: Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian Right and left common carotid Brachiocephalic, right common carotid, right subclavain Celiac truck, superior and inferior mesenteric

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

The thoracic duct begins in the: Spinal column Thorax inferior to the mediastinum Base of the skull Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli

Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli

The junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins forms the: Inferior vena cava Femoral vein Middle colic Portal vein

Portal Vein

The normal pH of blood is: 3.5-4.5 7.3-7.4 8.5-9.0 9.5-10.5

7.3 - 7.4

The five branches of the facial nerve from superior to inferior after it enters the parotid gland is: Buccal, cervical, mandibular, zygomatic, temporal Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical Cervical, temporal, mandibular, zygomatic, buccal Mandibular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, cervical

Temporal, zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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