Anatomy and Physiology 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the axial skeleton?
The skull, vertebrae and ribs. It is the body’s structural core which supports the appendicular skeleton
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton is the arms and legs of the body. The limbs are attached to the axial skeleton by frameworks called girdles.
What is the coccyx?
The tailbone
How many bones are in each hand?
27 bones
What are the scientific names for the head and shaft of the bone?
The epiphysis (head) and the diaphysis (shaft)
What are smooth muscles?
Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles
What are skeletal muscles?
Skeletal muscles are muscles that provide strength, balance, posture, movement as well as heat. When stimulated thousands or millions of muscles fibres contract at the same time to shorten the muscle. This allows for movement of bones at a joint. They are voluntary muscles but can act involuntarily.
How do muscles contract?
An electrochemical signal is sent from the central nervous system. This acts on nerve endings attached to the end of muscle fibres. The amount the muscle contracts depends on how many muscle fibres are activated.
What do flexors and extensors do?
Flexors bend joints and extensors straighten them
What is the origin?
The end of a muscle closest to the body centre.
What is the insertion?
The end of a muscle opposite the origin and it is also the end of the muscle that moves.
What are abductors and adductors?
Abductors pull part of the body away from it ps central axis and adductors do the opposite
What is a stimuli?
A change in the environment that affects a living organism.
What does the nervous system do?
It receives information from the inside and outside of the body and puts it together and reacts by sending signals to various muscles and glands so that these can produce the right coordinated response.
What are the three basic types of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Inter/relay neurons
What do sensory neurons do?
These bring signals to the central nervous system from sensory receptors.
What do motor neurons do?
Motor neurons receive signals from the central nervous system and carry information that tell the effectors how to respond.
What do inter/relay neurons do?
They connect neurons with other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord.
What is the reaction to a stimulus called?
The Response
What is the central nervous system made up of?
The brain and spinal cord.
How does the human body detect stimuli?
Through receptors.
The heart beat is myogenic. What does this mean?
The heart beat being myogenic means that the heart beat is initiated from within the heart rather than from the nerve pulses around it.
What is the Sino atrial node?
The impulse generating tissue (pacemaker) located in the right atrium of the heart.
What is the myelin sheath and what is it made up of?
The myelin sheath is a layer of fat and protein that insulates the axon and allows it to carry messages much faster (about 100m/s).
