Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(258 cards)
1
Q
Who discovered x-rays?
A
Roentgen
2
Q
What is another name for deciduous teeth?
A
Primary teeth or baby teeth
3
Q
What is the major cause of cavities and gum disease?
A
Plaque
4
Q
What is the reddening of the skin?
A
Erythema
5
Q
What is inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding teeth?
A
Gingivitis
6
Q
What is the failure of the roof of the mouth to fuse?
A
Cleft palate
7
Q
What is the unconscious grinding of the teeth?
A
Bruxism
8
Q
What is the branch of dentistry which deals with the prevention and treatment of disease and other conditions of the bone and soft tissues around teeth?
A
Peridontics
9
Q
What is buccal?
A
Cheek
10
Q
What abbreviation is used for “as needed”?
A
prn
11
Q
For what purpose is the inhalation of ammonia used?
A
Fainting or syncope
12
Q
What salivary gland is found below and in front of the ear?
A
Parotid gland
13
Q
What enzyme is made by the salivary glands?
A
Amylase
14
Q
What organic compound is broken down by amylase?
A
Carbohydrates, starch, amylase
15
Q
What disorder is caused by infection of the parotid gland?
A
Mumps
16
Q
What is the effect of epinephrine upon blood vessels?
A
Vasoconstriction
17
Q
What is a person called who harbors infection without feeling the effect?
A
Carrier or reservoir host.
18
Q
What is the passage of an infectious agent from one patient to another?
A
Cross infection, crosscontamination, nosocomial infection
19
Q
What method of sterilization kills all microorganisms and their spores?
A
Autoclaving
20
Q
What antibiotic can cause staining of a child’s primary teeth if taken by a pregnant woman during her last trimester of pregnancy?
A
Tetracycline
21
Q
What was the antibiotic discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming?
A
Penicillin
22
Q
What was the first antibiotic discovered?
A
Sulfa
23
Q
When is the tooth’s pulp chamber and canals removed?
A
Root Canal
24
Q
What is the speciality in dentistry that treats children?
A
Pedodontics
25
What is the speciality in dentistry that replaces missing mouth structures and teeth with artificial appliances?
Prosthodontics
26
What is the difference in shades of gray and white on a radiograph called?
Contrast
27
Who was the first woman to graduate in the field of dentistry?
Lucy Hobbs
28
Who was the first woman doctor?
Elizabeth Blackwell
29
What is H2O2?
Hydrogen Perioxide
30
Who is the father of medicine?
Hippocrates
31
Who is the founder of modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale
32
Who is the founder of the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
33
What is the name of the cell's control center?
Nucleus
34
What is the term that refers to the body's stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
35
What term refers to the stopping of bleeding?
Hemostasis
36
What is the condition in infants that results from the ability to destroy an amino acid found in protein food and soft drinks?
Phenylketonuria or PKU
37
What is the instrument used to test one's hearing?
Audiometer
38
What is the blurring of vision due to abnormal curvature of the cornea?
Astigmatism
39
To listen to the sounds produced by the body using a stethoscope is called...
Auscultation
40
What is the inner surface of the arm at the elbow?
Antecubital
41
What is the absence of urine?
Anuria
42
What is bloody urine?
Hematuria
43
What is sugar in the urine?
Glycosuria or Glucosuria
44
What does an ambulatory patient do?
Walk
45
What device records the nervous control of the heart?
Electrocardiograph
46
What is a microorganism that can grow in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobe or aerobic
47
What term means without fever?
Afebrile
48
What is the condition characterized by the inward turning of the affected eye?
Ambylopia
49
What is the name of the disease caused by the lack of thiamine or vitamin B1?
Beriberi
50
What are microorganisms that feed an inorganic matter called?
Autotrophs
51
What is the muscle of the upper arm which flexes the forearm?
Biceps or biceps brachii
52
What is the excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination called?
Biopsy
53
What is cerumen?
Earwax
54
What is a pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation called?
Cheyne-Stokes or the Death Rattle
55
What is the term for repeated seizures or convulsions?
Epilepsy
56
What is instilling fluid into the rectum and the colon?
Enema
57
What is chronic lung disease characterized by a loss of the alveolar walls?
Emphysema
58
What procedure views the bladder?
Cystoscopy
59
What is the medical term for a nosebleed?
Epistaxis
60
What are uncoordinated, ineffective heart contractions?
Fibrillation
61
What is a person's manner of walking?
Gait
62
What is a mass of nervous tissue?
Ganglion
63
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
64
What is an I&D?
Incision and drainage
65
A patient that cannot control his or her bladder or bowel is...
incontinent
66
What term describes the accumulation of fluid in the scrotum?
Hydrocele
67
What do you call bacteria that take on a purple color after Gram staining?
Gram positive
68
What is the name of the device that has electrodes attached to a patent's chest for a 24 hour EKG tracing?
Holter Monitor
69
What is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample?
Hematocrit
70
What is the abbreviation for Hematocrit?
hct
71
What is the term for the interval between the exposure to infection and the appearance of the first symptoms?
Incubation
72
What is varicella?
Chicken Pox
73
What is a disease without a recognizable cause?
Idiopathic
74
What is ITP?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
75
What is an x-ray of the breast?
Mammogram
76
What is surgical fixation of the breast?
Mastopexy
77
What is hyperhidrosis?
Excessive sweating or diaphoresis
78
What is the name of the test that determines color-blindness?
Ishihara
79
What is the name of the eye chart used to determine visual acuity?
Snellen
80
What is an IVP?
Intravanous pyelogram
81
What is the term for the onset of the menstrual cycle?
Menarche
82
What is the term for near-sightedness?
Myopia
83
What is the spread of cancer?
Metastasis
84
What are sleep attacks or seizures?
Narcolepsy
85
What is the period of time following the delivery of a baby?
Post-partum
86
What is the term describing narrowing of the foreskin around the penis?
Phimosis
87
What is the final chemical reaction in the formation of a blood clot?
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
88
What vitamin is necessary for formation of prothrombin and the blood clotting process?
Vitamin K
89
What is the name of the instrument used to measure breathing?
Spirometer
90
What term refers to the feebleness of the body and the mind caused by old age?
Senility
91
Being unable to void or urinate is called...
retention
92
What is QNS?
Quality Not Sufficient
93
What is the period of time when the disease symptoms are worse?
Exacerbation
94
What is the period of time when the disease symptoms are not present?
Remission
95
What term describes conditions that cannot be reversed?
Terminal
96
What is the substance called that induces immunity to the recipient?
Vaccine
97
What is the name of a constricting band used to control bleeding?
Tourniquet
98
What type of burn is a sunburn?
First degree or superficial
99
What is the normal hematocrit for female?
37% to 47%
100
What term refers to the back?
Dorsal
101
What procedure removes dead and necrotic tissue?
Debridement
102
What class of drugs counteracts allergies and cold symptoms?
Antihistamines
103
What type of fracture is the bone crushed in many fragments?
Comminuted
104
What type of fracture occurs in children when the bone is bent?
Greenstick
105
What position does a patient sit at a 45 degree angle?
Semi-Fowler's
106
What is the thick-walled hard capsule formed by bacteria when conditions for growth are poor?
Spores
107
What is the lack of thyroid hormone at birth resulting in mental and physical retardation in children? In adults?
Cretinism/Myxedema
108
What is the relaxation phase of the heart?
Diastole
109
What is the contraction phase of the heart?
Systole
110
What is the name of the pulse behind the knee?
Popliteal
111
What is the name of the pulse in the neck?
Carotid
112
What is the bluish coloring of the skin that indicates a lack of oxygen?
Cyanosis
113
What is edema?
swelling
114
What is the yellow discoloration of the skin and the eyes?
Jaundice
115
What is vertigo?
Dizziness
116
What procedure helps to obtain a sterol urine specimen?
Catheterization
117
What type of drug is necessary to prevent blood clotting?
Anti-coagulant
118
What current law regulates confidentiality?
HIPAA
119
What is the abbreviation for before meals?
ac
120
What is the abbreviation for after meals?
pc
121
What is the term for gallstones?
Cholelith
122
What is the medical abbreviation for bedtime?
hs
123
What term refers to fluid loss?
dehydration
124
What term refers to the clumping of blood cells?
Agglutination
125
What cancers occur in epithelial cells?
Carcinoma
126
What cancers occur in connective cells?
Sarcoma
127
What artery is commonly used to take a blood pressure?
Brachial
128
What is the outer meningeal covering?
Dura Mater
129
What is the heart's pacemaker?
SA Node
130
What is the muscular partition between the two ventral body cavities called?
Diaphragm
131
What is the covering of the heart?
Pericardium
132
What is the covering of the bone?
Periosteum
133
What is the valve found between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Bicuspid or mitral valve
134
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
Plasma
135
What are the tiny hair-like projections used to move a cell or to move things past a cell?
Cilia
136
What cells are the most numerous of all white blood cells?
Neutrophils
137
What is the malignant form of skin cancer prevalent in Utah?
Melanoma
138
What RBC pigment carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide?
Hemoglobin
139
What is the abbreviation for hemoglobin?
hgb hb
140
What is the watery fluid that remains after a blood clot has formed?
Serum
141
Where is the circle of Willis found?
Brain
142
Where do T-lymphocytes mature?
Thymus
143
Where are blood cells formed?
Red bone marrow
144
What is the body's first line of defense against pathogens?
The skin
145
What vitamin does the skin make?
Vitamin D
146
From which part of the large intestine does the appendix hang?
Cecum
147
How many vertebrae are found in the cervical region?
7
148
What is the first cervical vertebrae?
Atlas
149
What is the second cervical vertebrae?
Axis
150
What is the kissing muscle called?
Orbicularis oris
151
What is the name of the muscle group that extends the leg, located in the anterior thigh?
Quadriceps Femoris
152
What muscle abducts the arm and caps the shoulder?
Deltoid
153
What is the common name for the clavicle?
Collar bone
154
What is the term for the elbow?
Olecranon or cubital
155
What bone is on the thumb side of the wrist?
Radius
156
What is another name for fingers and toes?
Phalanges and digits
157
What is the calcaneous?
Heel
158
What is another name for ankles?
Tarsals
159
What kind of muscle is voluntary muscle?
Skeletal
160
Where is the pituitary gland located?
sella turcica
161
The spinal cord passes through the large opening in the skull or the...
foramen magnum
162
What nerve stimulates the diaphragm contract?
Phrenic
163
What nerve innervates the arm?
Axillary
164
What nerve controls leg movement?
Sciatic
165
What part of the body is supplied with nutrients by the inferior mesenteric artery?
Large intestine
166
What is the name of the longest vein in the body?
Saphenous
167
What is the only artery carrying deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary
168
What ventricle pumps blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
169
What veins drain regions of the body supplied by the carotid arteries?
Jugular veins
170
What muscle contains intercalated disks?
Cardiac
171
Where does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
172
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
173
What is another name for the windpipe?
Trachea
174
What is the respiratory stimulus?
Carbon dioxide
175
What is the area of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus?
Mediastinum
176
What is the removal of a lung?
Pneumonectomy
177
Where does the lymphatic system rejoin the circulatory system?
Subclavian veins
178
What is the back up pacemaker of the heart?
AV node
179
What part of the cardiac conduction system directly stimulates the ventricles?
Purkinje fibers
180
What is the medical term for nosebleeds?
Epistaxis
181
In what layer of the dermis are fingerprints located?
Papillary layer
182
What glands secrete oil?
Sebaceous glands
183
What is the rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that propel urine through the ureters?
Peristalsis
184
What part of the brain controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
185
What part of the brain is the sensory relay station?
Thalamus
186
What cranial nerve regulates heart rate and digestive functions?
vagus
187
What cranial nerve focuses the lens and helps to move the eye?
Oculomotor
188
What is the blood vessel that takes blood away from the kidneys?
Renal vein
189
What is the cluster of capillaries where kidney filtration takes place?
Glomerulus
190
What is the individual region of the kidney or the lung?
Hilus or hilum
191
What is inflammation of the bladder?
Cystitis
192
What is the main nitrogenous waste produced by the body cells that use protein?
Urea
193
What is the donut shaped gland inferior to the urinary bladder?
Prostate gland
194
What do the lacrimal glands secrete?
Tears
195
What is lactation?
Production of milk
196
What do seminiferous tubules produce?
Sperm
197
What hormone is lacking in diabetes mellitus?
Insulin
198
Where does fertilization occur?
Uterine tubes
199
What is the removal of the uterus?
Hysterectomy
200
What is the rupture of the egg from the ovarian follicle?
Ovulation
201
What are the finger-like projections at the end of the uterine tubes?
Finbraie
202
What is the structure where sperm mature?
Epididymis
203
What is the name of the cartilage structure that prevents food from entering the larynx?
Epiglottis
204
What is the distal end of the stomach connected to the small intestine called?
Pylorus
205
What is the first part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
206
How many sections of the small intestine are there?
3
207
How many middle ear bones are there?
3
208
Give the specific names of the middle ear bones.
Malleus, incus, and stapes
209
What is the term for the cessation of ovarian activity?
Menopause
210
What organ stores and concentrates bile?
Gallbladder
211
What substance is responsible for the emulsification of fats?
Bile
212
What enzyme helps to digest protein in the stomach?
Pepsin
213
What are the folds in the stomach lining?
Rugae
214
What is the developing organism from one week after conception until eight weeks?
Embryo
215
What structure implants into the endometrium?
Blastocyst
216
When are brain waves present in the developing fetus?
8 weeks
217
What is the distal and longest section of the small intestine?
Ileum
218
How many deciduous teeth are there?
20
219
How many teeth does an adult who has a full set of teeth have?
32
220
What structure helps to guard the entrance of the stomach from the esophagus?
Cardiac sphincter
221
What substance is absorbed by the lacteals?
Fat or fatty acids and glycerol
222
What is the valve between the small and large intestines?
Ileocecal valve
223
What is the largest glandular organ?
Liver
224
What nerve cells in the eye are responsible for color vision?
Cones
225
What nerve cells in the eye are responsible for black and white vision?
Rods
226
What is cut into during an myringotomy?
Eardrum
227
What do ceruminous glands produce?
Earwax
228
What membrane lines the eyelids and eyes?
Conjunctiva
229
What is the central opening in the iris called?
Pupil
230
What is the pigmented, muscular portion of the eye?
Retina
231
What is the neurotransmitter in the brain that limits extra motor movement?
Dopamine
232
What is the neurotransmitter associated with moods?
Serotonin
233
What muscle controls the shape of the lens?
Ciliary muscle or ciliary body
234
What are the fluid filled spaces within the brain?
Ventricles
235
What cranial nerve is associated with the sense of smell?
Olfactory
236
What is the junction between the neurons and the muscle?
Synapse
237
What cranial nerve is associated with vision?
Optic
238
What hormones maintain the lining of the endometrium during pregnancy?
Progesterone
239
What hormone increases metabolism?
Thyroxine
240
What mineral is necessary for the formation of thyroxine?
Iodine
241
What brain lobe interprets smell?
Frontal
242
What brain lobe interprets taste, touch, temperature, and pain?
Parietal
243
What hemisphere of the brain is associated with creativity and art?
Right
244
What structure connects the two hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
245
What part of the brain is responsible for sex drive, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, and temperature regulation?
hypothalamus
246
Why are antipyretics prescribed?
Reduce fever
247
What is an inactive substance that has no effect on the body?
Placebo
248
What is the abbreviation for prescription?
Rx
249
What results from an antigen-antibody response?
Allergy
250
What is a severe form of allergy shock that may be fatal?
Anaphylactic shock
251
What sugar is found in milk?
Lactose
252
What is another name for the knee cap?
Patella
253
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
254
What vitamin increases the absorption of iron?
Vitamin C
255
What is the scientific name for fiber?
Cellulose
256
Who is the father of medicine?
Hippocrates
257
Who discovered asepsis?
Joseph Lister
258
Where in the united states did the first pharmacy school open in 1861?
Philadelphia
