Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
abrasion
A
a scraping or rubbing away of the skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
2
Q
abscess
A
a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
3
Q
albino
A
an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin
4
Q
alopecia
A
partial or complete loss of hair; baldness. Alopecia may result from normal aging; a reaction such as anticancer medications, an endocrine disorder, o some skin disease
5
Q
amputation
A
the surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or a part of a limb; performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb
6
Q
basal layer
A
the deepest of the five layers of the epidermis
7
Q
blackhead
A
an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
8
Q
blister
A
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
9
Q
boil
A
a localize pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle
10
Q
bruise
A
a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of a injury to the area; see ecchymosis
11
Q
bulla
A
a large blister
12
Q
carbuncle
A
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
13
Q
cellulitis
A
a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling
14
Q
cerumen
A
ear wax
15
Q
ceruminous gland
A
a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen (or ear wax)
16
Q
cicatrix
A
a scar; the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound
17
Q
circumscribed
A
confined to a limited space or well-defined area (as if a circle were drawn around it)
18
Q
collagen
A
the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia
19
Q
comedo
A
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a air follicle (closed comedo = whitehead; open comedo - blachead
20
Q
contusion
A
an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
21
Q
corium
A
the dermis; the layer of the skin just under the epidermis
22
Q
cryosurgery
A
a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue. Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe
23
Q
curettage
A
the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
24
Q
cutaneous membrane
A
the skin. See integument
25
cuticle
a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
26
cyanosis
a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin
27
cyst
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, or solid material
28
debridement
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing
29
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
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dermatologist
a physician who specializes in thee treatment of disease and disorders of the skin
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dermatology
the study of the skin
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dermis
the layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis; the corium
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diaphoresis
the secretion of sweat
34
ecchymosis
a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of injury to the area; also known as a bruise or a black-and-blue mark.
35
electrodesiccation
a technique that uses an electrical spark to urn and destroy tissue; used primarily for removal of surface lesions
36
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin
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epidermoid cyst
a cyst filed with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as sebaceous cyst.
38
epithelium
the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
39
erythema
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation. An example of erythema is nervous blushing or a mild sunburn
40
erythremia
an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera
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erythroderma
see erythema
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excoriation
an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma; such ass scratching or abrasions
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exfoliation
peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn
44
fissure
a cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
45
fistula
an abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (eg. rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface
46
furuncle
a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil
47
gangrene
death of tissue, most often involving the extremities. Gangrene is usually the result of ischemia (loss of blood supply to an area), bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction (decaying) of the tissue
48
hair follicle
the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of hair shaft
49
hair root
the portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle
50
hair shaft
the visible part of the hair
51
hemangioma
a benign (nonmalignant) tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish purple color
52
heparin
a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues; heparin is also produced in laboratories for therapeutic use as heparin sodium
53
hirsutism
excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women
54
histamine
a substance (found n all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
55
histiocyte
macrophage: a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
56
hives
circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin tat are paler in the center than its surrounding edges; see wheal
57
hydrocele
a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
58
ichthyosis
an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened), and fissured - resembling fish scales
59
integument
the skin. See cutaneous membrane
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integumentary system
the body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
61
keratin
a hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horns of animals
62
keratolytic
an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin
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laceration
a tear in the skin
64
lanugo
soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus; this hairy coating is almost completely gone by birth
65
lesion
any visible damage to the tissues o he skin, such as a wound, sore, trash, or boil
66
lipedema
an abnormal condition in which there is swelling/enlargement of the lower extremities due to an irregular distribution of at and fluid deposits in the subcutaneous tissues accompanied by tenderness in the affected area. The lower extremities are disproportionately larger than the upper portion of the body. This condition usually affects women (up to 11%). The exact cause of this chronic condition is unknown.
67
lipocyte
a fat cell
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lunula
the crescent shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
69
macrophage
a larger phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of the blood vessels and loose connective tissue, see histiocyte
70
macule
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
71
mast cell
a cell (found within the connective tissue) that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from he mast cell in response to injury and infection
72
melanin
a black or dark pigment (produced by melanocytes within the epidermis) that contributes color to the skin and helps filter ultraviolet light
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melanocytes
cells responsible for producing melanin
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melanoma
darkly pigmented tumor
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nail body
the visible part of the nail
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necrotizing fasciitis
a rare, but serious infection caused by bacteria (such as Group A streptococci) that an destroy skin fat, and the tissue covering the muscles within a very shot time. the bacteria enter he body through a skin wound The symptoms start suddenly after an injury o wound and are more severe then they would normally be with the wound or injury. Immediate medical attention is essential as the infection can spread rapidly and can quickly become life threatening. Necrotizing fasciitis is sometimes called flesh-eating bacteria.
77
nodule
a small, circumscribed swelling ;protruding above the skin
78
oil gland
one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin; see sebaceous gland
79
onycholysis
separation of a fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin. This condition is associated with dermatitis of the hand, psoriasis, and fungal infections
80
onychomycosis
any fugal infection of the nails.
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onychophagia
the habit of biting the nails
82
pachyderma
abnormal thickening of the skin
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papule
a small, solid, circumscribe
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paronychia
inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called runaround
85
pediculosis
infestation with lice
86
perspiration
the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands, see sweat
87
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
88
pimple
a papule or pustule of the skin
89
polyp
a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
90
pores
openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts and some fatty substances are excreted
91
pressure ulcer
n inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on thee body part; also known as a decubitus ulcer or pressure sore.
92
pruritus
itching
93
purpura
a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes, small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas ae known as ecchymoses or bruises
94
pustule
a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess
95
scales
thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
96
sebaceous cyst
a cyst filled with a cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as an epidermoid cyst.
97
sebaceous gland
an oil gland located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
98
seborrhea
excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
99
sebum
the oily secretions of the sebaceous glands
100
skin tags
a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; also known as a a cutaneous papilloma.
101
squamous epithelial cells
flat scalelike cells arranged in layers (strata)
102
squamous epithelium
the single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
103
stratified
layered; arranged in layers
104
stratum
a uniformly thick sheet or layer or cells
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stratum basale
a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
106
stratum corneum
the outermost layer of the epidermis (consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin), which continually sloughs off or flakes away; known as the keratinized (or horny) cell layer (kera/o = horn)
107
stretch marks
linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. As they heal and lose their color, they remain as silvery-white scar lines, also know as striae
108
subcutaneous tissue
the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
109
subungual hematoma
a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)
110
sudoriferous gland
a sweat gland
111
sweat
the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; also known as perspiration
112
sweat gland
one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin or excretion; also known as a sudoriferous gland
113
telagiectasia
the permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules. These dilated vessels may be visible through the skin as tiny red lines. Common causes include but are not limited to rosacea, elevated estrogen levels, and actinic damage
114
ulcer
a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
115
urticaria
a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often accompanied by severe itching (pruritus).
116
vesicle
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister
117
vitiligo
a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
118
wheal
a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the enter than its surrounding edges, hives
119
whitehead
a closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle; the content within is not easily expressed
120
xanthoderma
any yellow coloration of the skin
121
xeroderma
a chronic skin condition characterized by toughness and dryness
