Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(17 cards)
Sympathetic Nervous System
speeds up heart rate
parasympathetic nervous system
decreases heart rate
chemoreceptor
tiny structures in the carotid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in blood acidity caused by and increase or decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide
baroreceptor
sensors in tissues in the carotid sinus, aortic arch, heart and pulmonary vessels that respond to changes in blood pressure to either increase or decrease heart rate
proprioreceptors
sensory nerve endings in the muscles, tendons and joints that detect changes in muscle movement
adrenaline
a stress hormone released by the sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve during exercise which causes an increase in heart rate
ejection fraction
the percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat
cardiac hypertrophy
the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger or a larger ventricular cavity
bradycardia
a decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 bpm
cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
atherosclerosis
when arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fatty acids
atheroma
a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery
angina
chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted
stroke
when the blood supply to the brain is cut off
blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall
systolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting
diastolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when ventricles are relaxing
