Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The science that deals with the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other.

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The science that deals with the function of the living body and its parts

Question 3

The skin

Answer 3

Largest single organ in the body

Question 4

What are the three major functions of the skin?

Answer 4

Protects the body from the environment

Regulates the temperature of the body

Transmits information from the environment to the brain

Question 5

What are the Layers of the skin/ what are they for?

Answer 5

Epidermis: Composed of several layers of cells

Dermis: Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil and sweat glands

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) : composed largely of fat, serves as an insulator, serves as a reservoir to store energy

Question 6

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 6

206

Question 7

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 7

Provides a framework for attachment of muscles. Allows motion of the bod. Protects vital internal organs

Question 8

What are the two main categories of the skeletal system?

Answer 8

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 9

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 9

22 Bones
14 facial
8 cranial

Question 10

What are the bones in the spinal column

Answer 10

Cervical (7)
Thoratic (12)
Lumbar (5 Bones)
Sacrum (5 fused bones)
Coccyx (4 Fused Bones)

Question 11

Ribs

Answer 11

Encases and protects organs and structures within the chest

Question 12

Bones in ribs

Answer 12

12 Pairs/ 24 bones
1-7 True ribs
8-12 False Ribs
10-12 floating ribs

Question 13

How many bones in the spine?

Answer 13

33

Question 14

What does Appendicular Skeleton consist of

Answer 14

The upper extremities

The pelvis

The lower extremities

Question 15

% of bones are made up of what?

Answer 15

Dense tissue composed of a calcium-phosphorus mineral (65%)

Organic matter and water (35%)

Question 16

What are the 3 kinds of muscles? What are they for?

Answer 16

Skeletal muscle: Voluntary muscles. Supplied with arteries, veins, capillaries

Cardia Muscle: Heart

Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle. Carries the automatic work of the body. Found in the wall of tubular structures. Contract and relax

Question 17

What is the cardiovascular system?

Answer 17

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 18

What is the Heart?

Answer 18

Pump, the size of an adult fist.

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of pumps in the heart?

Answer 19

Epicardium (Outer layer)

Myocardium (Muscle)

Endocardium (Inner Layer)

Question 20

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 20

Right and left atrium

Right and left ventricle

Question 21

What are the 3 Blood Vessels?

Answer 21

Arteries: carrying blood away from the heart

Veins: Carrying blood to the heart

Capillaries: Smallest between arteries and veins

Question 22

What is the nervous system?

Answer 22

The nervous system enables us to communicate (sensory function) with and react (motor function) to the environment and perform life activities

Question 23

What are the three divisions of the Nervous system?

Answer 23

Central Nervous System: Nerve impulse/ analyze sensory data

The peripheral nervous system: Carries impulses to and from the body’s many structures

The autonomic nervous system: Fight or flight: Regulating and coordinating the functions of vital structures (BP, HR, RR, Pupil dilation)

Question 24

What are the parts of the brain?

Answer 24

Cerebrum: grey matter, largest part of the brain, coordinates the processes of thinking and learning and the sensory activities.

Cerebellum (little Brain): Coordinates our voluntary muscle movement

Medulla: Regulator of respiration, circulation, and digestion

Meninges:(protective membranes) :

Question 25

What are the different meninges?

Answer 25

``` Dura Mater Subdural Arachnoid Subarachnoid Pia Matter ```

Question 26

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 26

Responsible for producing chemicals known as hormones

Question 27

What are the glands in the endocrine system?

Answer 27

Sexual Urges, violence, anger, Fear, Joy, Sorrow

Question 28

What is the digestive system?

Answer 28

The function of the digestive system is to change food into substances suitable for absorption throughout the body

Question 29

What is the stomach

Answer 29

Located In the left upper quadrant Hollow J shaped enlargement of the gi track directly under the diaphrram

Question 30

Small Intestine

Answer 30

Located in all 4 Quadrants | Hollow Organ

Question 31

Large Intestine

Answer 31

Located in all 4 quadrants Hollow Completion of absorption of excess water as unused food is converting into feces

Question 32

Liver

Answer 32

Right upper quadrant Solid organ Filters blood

Question 33

What does the liver store?

Answer 33

Proteins Carbohydrates Fats

Question 34

Pancreas

Answer 34

``` Located mostly in the left upper quadrant Solid organ Consists of head/body. tail Secretes insulin Regulates metabolism of glucose ```

Question 35

Gallbladder

Answer 35

Located in upper right quadrant Hollow Organ Stores Bile until needed for the digestion of fatty foods

Question 36

The Female reproductive system

Answer 36

Ovaries are the egg producing organ They produce hormones which affect the other female organs and function during gestation

Question 37

The Male reproductive system

Answer 37

The testes are a pair of organs that produce the sperm Hormones of the testes affect the male organs and the development of male adult characteristics

Question 38

What is the excretory system

Answer 38

Urinary system function is to remove wastes from the body that were produced by metabolism

Question 39

What is the eye

Answer 39

The sense of sight is a response of the brain to light stimuli which are received by the eye

Question 40

What is the ear?

Answer 40

The sense of hearing is the response of the brain to sound stimuli which is received by the ear