Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following term describes the body’s ability to maintain its normal state
(A) Anabolism (B) Catabolism (C) Tolerance (D) Homeostasis (E) Metabolism
A
Homeostasis
2
Q
Which of the following describes the human body’s defense mechanism against environmental bacteria (A) Hair in the nose (B) Mucous membranes (C) Osteoblasts (D) Saliva (E) Tears
A
Mucous membranes
3
Q
Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus
(A) Lymphocyte (B) Monocyte (C) Erythrocyte (D) Basophil (E) Neutrophil
A
Erythrocyte
4
Q
Which white blood cell produces in the bone marrow
A
Basophil
5
Q
Which white blood cell is the largest and influences adaptive immunity
A
Monocyte
6
Q
Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints
(A) Adipose (B) Cartilage (C) Epithelial (D) Muscle (E) Nerve
A
Cartilage
7
Q
Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs
(A) Aorta (B) Esophagus (C) Heart (D) Pancreas (E) Trachea
A
Trachea
8
Q
Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland
(A) Abdominal (B) Cranial (C) Pleural (D) Spinal (E) Thoracic
A
Cranial
9
Q
Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing
(A) Alveoli (B) Epiglottis (C) Larynx (D) Uvula (E) Vocal cords
A
Epiglottis
10
Q
Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity
(A) Appendix (B) Duodenum (C) Gallbladder (D) Pancreas (E) Spleen
A
Spleen
11
Q
Which of the following anatomical regions of abdomen lies just distal to the sternum
(A) Epigastric (B) Hypochondriac (C) Hypogastric (D) Lumbar (E) Umbilical
A
Epigastric
12
Q
Which of the following cavities are separated by the diaphragm
(A) Abdominal and pelvic (B) Cranial and spinal (C) Dorsal and ventral (D) Pericardial and pleural (E) Thoracic and abdominal
A
Thoracic and abdominal
13
Q
Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the forearm towards the body
(A) Abduction (B) Eversion (C) Flexion (D) Pronation (E) Supination
A
Flexion
14
Q
In which of the following positions does a patient lie face down
(A) Dorsal (B) Erect (C) Lateral (D) Prone (E) Supine
A
Prone
15
Q
If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction
(A) Inward
(B) Outward
(C) Upward
(D) Downward
A
Outward/ eversion/ pronation
16
Q
The anatomic location of the spinal canal is
(A) caudal (B) dorsal (C) frontal (D) transverse (E) ventral
A
Dorsal / Posterior
17
Q
Which of the following is a structural, fibrous protein found in the dermis?
(A) Collagen (B) Heparin (C) Lipocyte (D) Melanin (E) Sebum
A
Collagen
18
Q
A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following?
(A) Closed, greenstick (B) Complex, comminuted (C) Compound, transverse (D) Open, spiral (E) Simple, pathologic
A
Closed, greenstick
19
Q
What is Heparin
A
Heparin is a blood thinner
20
Q
What is a Lipocyte
A
Fat cells found in the liver, store energy as fat
21
Q
17) Which of the following is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium?
(A) Calcaneus (B) Femur (C) Symphysis pubis (D) Tibia (E) Ulna
A
Femur
22
Q
The physician directs the medical assistant to complete a request form for an X-ray study of the fibula. The procedure will be performed on which of the following structures?
(A) Heel (B) Lower leg (C) Toes (D) Thigh (E) Pelvis
A
Lower leg
23
Q
Which of the following is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day?
(A) Dyslexia (B) Epilepsy (C) Hydrocephalus (D) Narcolepsy (E) Shingles
A
Narcolepsy
24
Q
What is Dyslexia
A
A learning disorder. Reading disability. Affects area of the brain that process language
25
What is hydrocephalus
Excess cerebrospinal fluid builds up within the ventricles
26
Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron?
```
(A) Dendrite
(B) Glial cell
(C) Nerve center
(D) Synapse
(E) Terminal plate
```
Synapse
27
Which of the following controls body temperature, sleep, and appetite?
```
(A) Adrenal glands
(B) Hypothalamus
(C) Pancreas
(D) Thalamus
(E) Thyroid gland
```
Hypothalamus
28
What is the adrenal gland and where is it located
The adrenal glands are in top of each kidney. Produce hormones we cannot live with. Sex hormone and cortisol
29
Thalamus
Relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
30
Which of the following cranial nerves is related to the sense of smell?
```
(A) Abducens
(B) Hypoglossal
(C) Olfactory
(D) Trochlear
(E) Vagus
```
Olfactory
31
Abducens
Nerve #6 in the brain. Controls movement and outward gaze
32
Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?
```
(A) Acetylcholine
(B) Cholecystokinin
(C) Deoxyribose
(D) Oxytocin
(E) Prolactin
```
Acetylcholine
33
Which of the following best describes the location where the carotid pulse can be found?
```
(A) In front of the ears and just above eye level
(B) In the antecubital space
(C) In the middle of the groin
(D) On the anterior side of the neck
(E) On the medial aspect of the wrist
```
On the anterior side of the neck
34
A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen and requires surgery. Which one of the following organs is most likely to be involved?
```
(A) Appendix
(B) Gallbladder
(C) Pancreas
(D) Urinary bladder
(E) Spleen
```
Spleen
35
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
(A) Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
(B) Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
(C) In the interventricular septum
(D) In the upper wall of the left ventricle
(E) In the upper wall of the right atrium
In the upper wall of the right atrium
36
Blood flows from the right ventricle of the heart into which of the following structures?
```
(A) Inferior vena cava
(B) Left ventricle
(C) Pulmonary arteries
(D) Pulmonary veins
(E) Right atrium
```
Pulmonary arteries
37
Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by which of the following structures?
```
(A) Aorta
(B) Carotid arteries
(C) Inferior vena cava
(D) Pulmonary veins
(E) Superior vena cava
```
Pulmonary veins
38
The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for which of the following functions?
```
(A) Alimentation
(B) Menstruation
(C) Mentation
(D) Respiration
(E) Urination
```
Respiration
39
Which of the following substances is found in greater quantity in exhaled air?
```
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Carbon monoxide
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Oxygen
(E) Ozone
```
Nitrogen
40
Which of the following allows gas exchange in the lungs?
```
(A) Alveoli
(B) Bronchi
(C) Bronchioles
(D) Capillaries
(E) Pleurae
```
Alveoli
41
At which of the following locations does bile enter the digestive tract?
```
(A) Gastroesophageal sphincter
(B) Duodenum
(C) Ileocecum
(D) Jejunum
(E) Pyloric sphincter
```
Duodenum
42
Which of the following structures is part of the small intestine?
```
(A) Ascending colon
(B) Cecum
(C) Ileum
(D) Sigmoid colon
(E) Transverse colon
```
Ileum
43
Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?
```
(A) Crohn's disease
(B) Esophageal varices
(C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(D) Pyloric stenosis
(E) Stomatitis
```
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
44
Which of the following organs removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen?
```
(A) Gallbladder
(B) Kidney
(C) Liver
(D) Spleen
(E) Stomach
```
Liver
45
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for secreting insulin?
```
(A) Adrenal gland
(B) Gallbladder
(C) Liver
(D) Pancreas
(E) Spleen
```
Pancreas
46
Which of the following is the lymphoid organ that is a reservoir for red blood cells and filters organisms from the blood?
```
(A) Appendix
(B) Gallbladder
(C) Pancreas
(D) Spleen
(E) Thymus
```
Spleen
47
Which of the following best describes the process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract?
```
(A) Absorption
(B) Emulsion
(C) Peristalsis
(D) Regurgitation
(E) Secretion
```
Peristalsis
48
Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon which of the following nutrients?
```
(A) Starches
(B) Proteins
(C) Fats
(D) Minerals
(E) Vitamins
```
Starches
49
In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of the following structures?
```
(A) Anus
(B) Bladder
(C) Skin
(D) Testicle
(E) Urethra
```
Urethra
50
Which of the following describes the cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron in the kidney?
```
(A) Afferent arteriole
(B) Glomerulus
(C) Loop of Henle
(D) Renal pelvis
(E) Renal tubule
```
Glomerulus
51
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)?
```
(A) Glomerulonephritis
(B) Interstitial nephritis
(C) Nephrolithiasis
(D) Polycystic kidney
(E) Pyelonephritis
```
Nephrolithiasis
52
Which of the following best describes the structure that collects urine in the body?
```
(A) Bladder
(B) Kidney
(C) Ureter
(D) Urethra
(E) Urethral meatus
```
Bladder
53
In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?
```
(A) Epididymis
(B) Prostate
(C) Scrotum
(D) Seminal vesicle
(E) Vas deferens
```
Prostate
54
Male hormones are produced by which of the following?
```
(A) Glans penis
(B) Prepuce
(C) Prostate
(D) Testes
(E) Vas deferens
```
Testes
55
Which of the following are mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vaginal opening?
```
(A) Adrenal
(B) Bartholin's
(C) Bulbourethral
(D) Corpus luteum
(E) Parotid
```
Bartholin’s
56
Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in which of the following structures?
```
(A) Cervix
(B) Fallopian tube
(C) Ovary
(D) Uterus
(E) Vagina
```
Fallopian tube
57
Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following?
```
(A) Androgens
(B) Catecholamines
(C) Electrolytes
(D) Estrogens
(E) Prostaglandins
```
Electrolytes
58
Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system?
```
(A) Adrenal
(B) Pancreas
(C) Pineal
(D) Pituitary
(E) Thyroid
```
Pituitary
59
Patients with which of the following diseases are treated with injections of vitamin B-12?
```
(A) Bell's palsy
(B) Crohn's disease
(C) Diabetes mellitus
(D) Graves' disease
(E) Pernicious anemia
```
Pernicious anemia
60
A hormone which is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas
Cholecystokinin
61
Hormone that tells your body to make breast milk
Prolactin
62
Which of the following best describes the location where the temporal pulse can be found?
```
(A) In front of the ears and just above eye level
(B) In the antecubital space
(C) In the middle of the groin
(D) On the anterior side of the neck
(E) On the medial aspect of the wrist
```
In front of the ears and just above eye level
63
Which of the following best describes the location where the brachial pulse can be found?
```
(A) In front of the ears and just above eye level
(B) In the antecubital space
(C) In the middle of the groin
(D) On the anterior side of the neck
(E) On the medial aspect of the wrist
```
In the antecubital space
64
Which of the following best describes the location where the femoral pulse can be found?
```
(A) In front of the ears and just above eye level
(B) In the antecubital space
(C) In the middle of the groin
(D) On the anterior side of the neck
(E) On the medial aspect of the wrist
```
In the middle of the groin
65
Which of the following best describes the location where the radial pulse can be found?
```
(A) In front of the ears and just above eye level
(B) In the antecubital space
(C) In the middle of the groin
(D) On the anterior side of the neck
(E) On the medial aspect of the wrist
```
On the middle aspect of the wrist
66
Which of the following allows main passage to the lungs
Bronchi
