Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

موقعیت قلب

Answer 1

کمی چپتر از مدیاستن

Question 2

Mediastinum ?

Answer 2

خط وسط توراکس بین سینه ها

Question 3

مجاورتهای قلب

Answer 3

دیافراگم - جناغ - ریه - ستون مهره

Question 4

Breastbone ?

Answer 4

Sternum

Question 5

لایه های Serous Pericardium

Answer 5

Fibrous Pericardium - Parietal - Fluid - Visceral - surface

Question 6

Epicardium ?

Answer 6

Visceral - surface

Question 7

FIbrous Pericardium Job?

Answer 7

not overfill

Question 8

Endocardium ?

Answer 8

لایه داخلی قلب - اندوتلیوم مثل قلب

Question 9

معنی Atrium

Answer 9

Entry way

Question 10

ورودیعای دهلیز راست

Answer 10

SVC - IVC - سینوس کرونری که تخلیه کرونری

Question 11

Tricuspid & MItral place ?

Answer 11

Tri Right MIt Left

Question 12

Mitral Leaflets

Answer 12

Ant Post - فقط این دوتایی

Question 13

S1 دریچه و شروع دوره و انقباض چی

Answer 13

بسته شدن دریچه های AV - شروع سیستول - انقباض بطن

Question 14

S2 دریچه و شروع دوره و انقباض چی

Answer 14

بسته شدن دریچه های سرخرگی - شروع دیاستول -انقباض دهلیز

Question 15

cardiac output def & num = Venous return

Answer 15

خروج بطن بر دقیقه - 4.9 لیتر

Question 16

درصد خون در بخشهای مختلف

Answer 16

کل ریوی 10 - قلب 5 - شریانهای سیستمی 15 - مویرگ سیستمی 5 - سیاهرگ سیستمی 65

Question 17

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 17

رگ رگ - خونرسانی به تونیکا اکسترنای آرتری خیلی کلفت - تغذیه بقیه تونیکا از لومن

Question 18

Elastic Arteries

Answer 18

آئورت و شاخش - ریوی - الاستین زیاد واسه فشار

Question 19

Up down body temp by blood

Answer 19

Up VasoCONSTRICTION - down VasoDILATION

Question 20

Metarteriole

Answer 20

Arteriole directly to Venule

Question 21

Lymph in latin

Answer 21

Clear water

Question 22

Lymph Roles

Answer 22

fluid and large molecules to blood and heart - immune surveillance (stop infection movement)`

Question 23

lymph role volume

Answer 23

20 out 17 in capillaries - 3 L/d lymph

Question 24

Lym Cap wall

Answer 24

one way valves between loosely connected cells - 2 halat ba Pin Pout: inward - stop

Question 25

lymph vessels

Answer 25

cap - vess - trunks - Ducts

Question 26

Lymph Pump

Answer 26

no - art. pulse + Skel. muscle + valve like v.

Question 27

5 lymp. Trunks one single

Answer 27

3 up 2s down Lumbar - single intestinal - bronchomediastinal - jugular - subclavian

Question 28

lymp. Ducts

Answer 28

Right just 3up - Thoracic all left & down

Question 29

lymp ducts dump

Answer 29

Jugular subclavian veins junc. - very low P

Question 30

Lacteals

Answer 30

collect milk like lymph containing Chylomicrons (GI packed FAs)

Question 31

Lymph Organs

Answer 31

Lookout to -Foreign in lymph , Cells+Pr , Diffuse lymph tissue - lymph nodes

Question 32

Diffuse lymph tissue place

Answer 32

2 tracts : GI - Respiratory

Question 33

Lymph node number - size - Feel place - GI wall name

Answer 33

100s - mm to cm - armpit neck groin - Peyer's patch

Question 34

فیلتر لنف در گره ؟

Answer 34

Dendritic cell Phagos & APC to B cell in Node - Also Circulatory T cell react to Antybodied infection

Question 35

B cell + Antigen ?

Answer 35

Plasma Cell => Antibody

Question 36

Spleen location

Answer 36

Left side between Diaph & stomach

Question 37

Spleen white pulp ?

Answer 37

Like giant lymph node but recieves blood - Filter out ABied Bacteria - produce ab

Question 38

Spleen re pulp

Answer 38

old RBC - Hg - Heme chain - Fe

Question 39

RBC and platelet for Emergency?

Answer 39

Spleen Storage

Question 40

Thymus place - activity period - activity ?

Answer 40

below necklace - Neonat & pre adolecscent - atrophy and fat after puberty - develop T cell - destroy self Ag T cell

Question 41

Lymph organs name

Answer 41

node - spleen - thymus - tonsils

Question 42

4 tonsils

Answer 42

adenoid - tubal - palatine - lingual

Question 43

ring of tonsil around throat lymph job

Answer 43

trap pathogen from food and air

Question 44

4 Valves names

Answer 44

AV: L Mitral R Tricuspid - Semilunar to artery = artery name

Question 45

جهت تولید صدای دریچه قلب

Answer 45

جهت جریان خون

Question 46

Closing valve sounds place

Answer 46

مشابه موقعیت قلب ولی دریچه های دهلیزی قرینه - Intercostals : 2R Aortic - 2L Pulmonary - 4L Tricuspid (این سه تا چسبیده به سه تا گوشه از جناغ) - 5L midclavicular Line : Mitral

Question 47

S1 time and place

Answer 47

Lub after diastole (filling relaxed ventricle) - start systole - heard in 4L Tricuspid (این سه تا چسبیده به سه تا گوشه از جناغ) - 5L midclavicular Line : Mitral

Question 48

S2 time and place

Answer 48

Dub - after systole (ventricle contraction) - start diastole - heard in Intercostals : 2R Aortic - 2L Pulmonary

Question 49

S2 inspiration split reason - Physiologic splitting of s2

Answer 49

Diaph down to negative P - more venous blood to right heart - late R Ventricle squeeze and Pulm. valve close

Question 50

S3 sound - time - reason

Answer 50

Ta - after S2 in lots of blood bouncing of vent. wall in diastole -

Question 51

S3 normal and anormal ?

Answer 51

normal in athlete and pregnant where lots of blood - anormal in CHF meaning volume overload

Question 52

CHF

Answer 52

Congestive Heart Failure meaning inability to pump enough blood

Question 53

S4 time - sound - reason

Answer 53

before s1 at end of diastole - Ta - Stiff vent wall causing extra heart atrium contraction

Question 54

why stiff vent wall and S4 - what is s4 sign of

Answer 54

hypertrophy beacuse high Blood P - sign of P overload or severe Hypertension

Question 55

Cause of murmur - scale and tozih

Answer 55

turbulent or rough blood flow -scale 1 to 6 : 1 slightest possible - 3 moderate - 6 without stethoscope -

Question 56

Innocent heart murmurs

Answer 56

healthy heart in kid but thin wall which grow old grow thick

Question 57

Still's murmur

Answer 57

common innocent mur in young kid -position of tricuspid valve sound yaani L4

Question 58

systolic murmur sound - 4 (2x2) cause

Answer 58

whoosh after lub - valve not functioning properly - artery not fully open = Stenosis - AV not fully closed = Regurgitation or insufficiency

Question 59

artery valve stenosis - sound name and cause - sound intensity - steth place

Answer 59

resistance before fully open - EJECTION CLICK - first blood narrow and turbulence - Crescendo decrescendo murmur because vent. blood first ziad then kam - place exactly valve sound place - R2 aortic - L2 pulm.

Question 60

AV valve regurgitation - other name - duration - place -

Answer 60

blood leak back because not closed - Holosystolic - sound for all of systole - exactly valve place - L4 Tri. L5 midclav Mitr.

Question 61

carvallo's sign - کاربرد و دلیل

Answer 61

AV murmur louder with inhale - for Tricusp (diff from Mitr) - negative P more vein blood to right heart more sound

Question 62

Mitr valve regurg lead cause (most common valv condition) - دلیل

Answer 62

severe MItral valve prolapse - too weak pap musc and chord tend

Question 63

mid systolic click

Answer 63

not severe mitral valve prolapse suddenly stopped by chord tend

Question 64

severe MItral valve prolapse causes?

Answer 64

Mitr valve regurge after click

Question 65

when standing and sqautting has impact on S4 sound - meaning - karbord - reason

Answer 65

Mitral valve regurge (diff from tri.) - squat later click shorter murmur - stand or valsalva man. sooner click longer murmur

Question 66

reason of when standing and sqautting has impact on S4 sound

Answer 66

squat more vein return more blood in ventricle more space = later leaflet prolapse - standing less vein return

Question 67

valsalva maneuver

Answer 67

to slow too fast heart - hold nose force breath out mouth - trigger to normal rhythm - causes sooner click and longer murmur on Mitral S4