Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Cells
Smallest unit of life
Stores genetic information, protein, and metabolism.
Tissue
Group of same cell structure and function.
Connective, muscular, nerve, epithelial
Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac.
Organ
Multiple tissues into differentiated structure.
Organ System
Arrangement of organs working to achieve unified objectives.
Dorsal Cavity
Back of body
Cranial and Spinal
Ventral
Front of the body
Thoracic (Heart, Lungs), Abdominal ( digestive system, Kidneys), Pelvic(reproductive, bladder)
Anterior or ventral
front side
eyes and navel
Posterior or dorsal
back side
buttocks
Distal
farther away
elbow is distal to the shoulder
Proximal
closer
wrist is proximal to the fingers.
Superior or cranial
above
neck is superior to the chest
Inferior or caudal
below
knee is inferior to the hip
Medial
closer to the body’s midline
mouth is medial to the ears
Lateral
farther away from the body’s midline
ears are lateral to the nose
Superficial
closer to the surface
skin is superficial to bone
Deep
farther from the surface
muscles are deep to the skin
Abduction
movement away from the body’s midline
picture raising your arm to turn on a light.
Adduction
movement toward the body’s midline
picture bringing your arm back to your side.
Flexion
movement that decreases the standard angle between two structures
picture bending your knee to sit
Extension
movement that increases the standard angle between two structures
picture straightening your knee to stand back up
Elevation
moving a body part closer to the head
picture shrugging your shoulders
Depression
moving a body part closer to the feet
Medial rotation
turning a body part toward the center of the body
picture turning your legs inward so that your toes touch―this is medial rotation of your hip.
Lateral rotation
turning a body part away from the center of the body
picture returning your feet to center
