Anatomy and Physiology Module 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structure of the body and its parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of how the parts function and work together to make the human body the wonder that it is

Question 3

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 3

the study of the changes that begin in the human body at conception and proceed into adulthood

Question 4

Embryology

Answer 4

the subdivision of developmental anatomy that covers the first 8 weeks following conception

Question 5

Surface Anatomy

Answer 5

used for diagnosis
ex. when a physician feels your skin to determine if glands are swollen or if there are suspicious lumps on the body

Question 6

Regional Anatomy

Answer 6

analysis of specific parts of the body

Question 7

Gross Anatomy

Answer 7

gross = large
the study of systems you can see
aka = macroscopic anatomy

Question 8

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 8

the study of structures so small you are required to use a microscope to see them

Question 9

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 9

anatomy of organ systems – groups of organs related by shared functions (ex. digestive system)

Question 10

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 10

The anatomy of nonhuman species and it can be used to assist in the study of the human body

Question 11

Organ System

Answer 11

a group of organs that work together to perform related functions

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

the bones in your body and their cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides support, gives shape, and allows the body to move. It also provides blood cells

Question 13

Nervous System

Answer 13

the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and all sensory receptors, including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

Question 14

Circulatory System

Answer 14

composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. transports gases, nutrients, waste, hormones, and other molecules.

Question 15

Respiratory System

Answer 15

contains lungs, respiratory passages, and diaphram. it enables the exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air

Question 16

Digestive System

Answer 16

includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix, and rectum

Question 17

Muscular System

Answer 17

consists of the muscles of the body. it powers the movement of the skeleton and maintains posture.

Question 18

Integumentary System

Answer 18

consists of skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, and nails. it regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, and produces Vitamin D

Question 19

Lymphatic System

Answer 19

consists of the spleen, thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes. (the immune system)

Question 20

Urinary System

Answer 20

kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. it removes waste from the body

Question 21

Endocrine System

Answer 21

organs that secrete hormones: hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

Question 22

Reproductive System

Answer 22

made of:
female: ovaries, vagina, uterus, and mammary glands
male: testes, penis, prostate glands, and other internal organs

Question 23

Organ

Answer 23

a group of tissues specialized for a particular function

Question 24

Tissues

Answer 24

groups of cells forming various building materials of the body
4 types: nervous, muscular, connective, and epithelial

Question 25

Nervous Tissue

Answer 25

makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 26

Muscular Tissue

Answer 26

comprises the muscles so the skeleton can move, heart can beat, and internal organs can push food along

Question 27

Connective Tissue

Answer 27

make up bone cartilage, deep skin layers, and binds between organs

Question 28

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 28

the surface of skin; lining of respiratory passages, digestive tracts, urinary tract, and reproductive tracts

Question 29

Cell

Answer 29

the basic unit of life

Question 30

Organelles

Answer 30

little organs made of molecules

Question 31

Homeostasis

Answer 31

a state of dynamic equilibrium in the body with respect to its internal environment and functions

Question 32

Set Point

Answer 32

ideal normal value of a variable around which homeostasis is maintained through a normal range of values that are acceptable to the body

Question 33

Stress

Answer 33

a factor that causes one or more physiological variables to move away from its homeostatic set point

Question 34

Control Center

Answer 34

the part of the body that recieves information about a variable, determines the set point, and signals a response to correct imbalance

Question 35

Receptor

Answer 35

a structure in the body that monitors the values of the body's variables

Question 36

Effector

Answer 36

a structure in the body that can change in the value of a variable in response to a signal from the control center

Question 37

Negative-Feedback System

Answer 37

a control mechanism consisting of receptors, control center, and effectors through homeostasis in the body is maintained by regulation of the body's organ systems. reverses the original stress