Anatomy and Physiology Module 1 & 2

Question 1

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

Refers to the positioning of the body when standing upright and facing forward with arms on the side

Answer 4

Anatomical position

Question 5

Refers to the position of the body lying flat face down

Answer 5

Prone position

Question 6

Refers to the position of the body lying flat facing upwards

Answer 6

Supine position

Question 7

Plane that divides the body left and right

Answer 7

Sagittal plane

Question 8

Plane that divides the body exactly in the middle vertical of the body. Divides the body into symmetrical halves (left and right)

Answer 8

Median plane or Mid - sagittal plane

Question 9

Plane that divides the body into front and back (anterior and posterior)

Answer 9

Coronal plane

Question 10

Straight plane that divides your body into superior and inferior parts

Answer 10

Transverse plane

Question 11

Going inside (heart, liver)

Answer 11

Deep

Question 12

Going outside (epidermis)

Answer 12

Superficial

Question 13

Going away/farther from the head

Answer 13

Distal

Question 14

Going into/nearer the head

Answer 14

Proximal

Question 15

From the head, going down

Answer 15

Inferior

Question 16

From down, going to the head/upwards

Answer 16

Superior

Question 17

Upper Arm

Answer 17

Brachial region

Question 18

Lower Arm

Answer 18

Antebrachial

Question 19

Ear part

Answer 19

Auricular region

Question 20

Armpit part

Answer 20

Axillary region

Question 21

Wrist

Answer 21

Carpal region

Question 22

Between Brachial and Antebrachial region

Answer 22

Cubital region

Question 23

Solute particles are very tiny and do not scatter in light

Answer 23

Solution

Question 24

Solute particles are larger than in a solution and scatter light. Do not settle out

Answer 24

Colloid

Question 25

Solute particles are very large and settle out. May scatter light

Answer 25

Suspension

Question 26

Inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment

Answer 26

Homeostatic imbalance

Question 27

Study of chemical composition and reactions of living matter

Answer 27

Biochemistry

Question 28

Measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids

Answer 28

pH (Power of Hydrogen)

Question 29

Globular proteins that act as a biological catalysts

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 30

Also called proton donors. Substances that release hydrogen ions in detectable amounts

Answer 30

Acids

Question 31

Also called proton acceptors. Substances that take up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts

Answer 31

Bases

Question 32

pH of a Human body

Answer 32

ranges from 7.35 to 7.45

Question 33

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

Answer 33

Tonicity

Question 34

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for the most type of body movement. Possesses myofilaments with networks of actin and myosin that bring about movement or contraction

Answer 34

Muscle tissue

Question 35

Elaborate network of rods running through the cytosol and hundreds of accessory proteins that link these rods to other cell structures.

Answer 35

Cytoskeletons

Question 36

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity. A boundary forming tissue

Answer 36

Epithelial tissues

Question 37

Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; simples of epithelia. Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration sites where protection is not important is not important. Can be found in air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, etc.

Answer 37

Simple squamous

Question 38

Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei. Secretions and absorption. Can be found in Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

Answer 38

Simple cuboidal

Question 39

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei. Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances. Can be found in stomach to rectum, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands

Answer 39

Simple columnar

Question 40

Single layer of cells of differing heights, nuclei seen at different levels and may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia. It secretes substances, particularly mucus. Can be found in Ciliated variety lines in trachea.

Answer 40

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 41

Thick epithelium composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar. It protects the underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion. Can be found in moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina.

Answer 41

stratified squamous

Question 42

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal. It stretches readily and permits stored urine to distend urinary organ. Can be found in lines of uterer, bladder, and part of the urethra.

Answer 42

Transitional

Question 43

Produce hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target organs.

Answer 43

Endocrine

Question 44

Secrete their products onto body surface or into body cavities, include liver, pancreas, and salivary glands among others

Answer 44

Exocrine

Question 45

Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells, obvious striations. It involves with voluntary movement, locomotion, etc. Found in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally, to skin

Answer 45

Skeletal muscle

Question 46

Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that connect at specialized junctions. As it contracts, it propels blood into circulation. Can be found in the walls of the heart

Answer 46

Cardiac muscle

Question 47

Cells are spindle-shaped with central nuclei. It propels substances or objects along internal passageways; involuntary control. Found in the walls of hollow organs.

Answer 47

Smooth muscle

Question 48

Main component of the nervous system which regulates and controls body functions.

Answer 48

Nervous tissue

Question 49

Continuous multicellular sheets composed of at least two (2) primary tissue types.

Answer 49

Membrane

Question 50

Membrane that lines body cavities that are open to the exterior

Answer 50

Mucous membrane

Question 51

Membrane that covers the body surface

Answer 51

Cutaneous membrane

Question 52

Membrane that lines body cavities that are close to the exterior

Answer 52

Serous membrane