Anatomy and Physiology (Module 1-2)

Question 1

It studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

It studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart,
lungs, kidneys

Answer 3

Gross Anatomy

Question 4

all structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)

Answer 4

Regional

Question 5

body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron
etc.)

Answer 5

Systemic

Question 6

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Answer 6

Surface

Question 7

deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye(cytology,
histology)

Answer 7

Microscopic

Question 8

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Answer 8

developmental

Question 9

It is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions

Answer 9

Catabolism

Question 10

Is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process

Answer 10

Anabolism

Question 11

Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

Answer 11

Homeostasis

Question 12

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment

Answer 12

Homeostatic Imbalance

Question 13

2 causes Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 13

Aging and Diseases

Question 14

Anatomical term for underarm

Answer 14

Axillary

Question 15

Anatomical term for fingers

Answer 15

Digits

Question 16

Anatomical term for wrist

Answer 16

Carpal

Question 17

Anatomical term for chin

Answer 17

Mental

Question 18

Anatomical term for lower part of the arm

Answer 18

Anti brachial

Question 19

Anatomical term for upper part of the arm

Answer 19

Brachial

Question 20

Anatomical term for nose

Answer 20

Nasal

Question 21

Smallest unit of life

Answer 21

Cells

Question 22

Selectively permeable barrier

Answer 22

Plasma membrane

Question 23

Most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides

Answer 23

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 24

Includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 24

ECF (extracellular fluid)

Question 25

Substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

Answer 25

Cellular secretions

Question 26

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

Answer 26

Tonicity

Question 27

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

Answer 27

Isotonic

Question 28

More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

Answer 28

Hypotonic

Question 29

Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

Answer 29

Hypertonic

Question 30

Cells retain their normal size and shape in isotonic solutions (same solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out).

Answer 30

Isotonic solutions

Question 31

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink in a hypertonic solution (contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside the cells)

Answer 31

Hypertonic solutions

Question 32

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) in a hypotonic solution (contains a lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside cells).

Answer 32

Hypotonic solutions

Question 33

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 33

Active transport

Question 34

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

Answer 34

Membrane Potential

Question 35

in which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity

Answer 35

Contact signaling

Question 36

process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response

Answer 36

Chemical Signaling

Question 37

signals from the nervous system

Answer 37

Neurotransmitters

Question 38

signals from the endocrine system

Answer 38

Hormones

Question 39

chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

Answer 39

Paracrines

Question 40

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes (numerous in kidneys and livers) Oxidases and Catalases detoxify alcohol and formaldehyde and neutralize free radicals

Answer 40

Peroxisomes

Question 41

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

Answer 41

Tissues

Question 42

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, a boundary-forming tissue

Answer 42

Epithelial Tissue

Question 43

some are smooth and slick, most have microvilli

Answer 43

Apical Surface

Question 44

non-cellular, adhesive sheet consisting of glycoproteins that acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules are allowed to enter the epithelium

Answer 44

Basal Lamina

Question 45

Two classification of Epithelial Tissue

Answer 45

Simple and Stratified

Question 46

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement

Answer 46

Muscle Tissue

Question 47

high specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses which enables them to 1) respond to stimuli and 2) transmit electrical impulses

Answer 47

Neurons

Question 48

non-conducting cells that support, insulate and protect delicate neurons

Answer 48

Supporting cells/Glial/Neugrolia

Question 49

Continuous multicellular sheets composed of at least 2 primary tissue types (epithelium + connective tissue)

Answer 49

Membranes

Question 50

Three (3) steps of tissue repair

Answer 50

Inflammation sets the stage, Organization restores the blood supply, Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair