Anatomy And Physiology Of The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Pacemaker of the heart

Answer 1

SA node

Question 2

Cardiac cycle

Answer 2

Atrial systole
Atrial diastole 
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
Preload
Afterload
Stroke volume
Venous return
Cardiac output

Question 3

Atrial systole

Answer 3

Contraction of right and left atria

Pushes blood into the ventricles

Question 4

Atrial diastole

Answer 4

The period between atrial contractions when atria are repolarizing

Question 5

Ventricular systole

Answer 5

Contraction of right and left ventricles

Pushes blood into the pulmonary arteries and aorta

Question 6

Ventricular diastole

Answer 6

Between ventricular contractions when the ventricles are repolarizing

Question 7

Preload

Answer 7

Tension in ventricular wall at end of diastole

Question 8

Afterload

Answer 8

Forces that stop the flow of blood out of the heart

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

Volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle
Normal is 60 to 80

Question 10

Cardiac output

Answer 10

Amount of blood pumped from left or right ventricle per minute
CO=SVxHR
Normal for adult male at rest 4.5 to 5 L/min
Can increase up to 25L/min during exercise

Question 11

Venous return

Answer 11

Amount of blood that returns to the right atrium each minute

Because it is a closed loop venous return must equal cardiac output when averaged over time

Question 12

Normal blood volume

Answer 12

4.5 to 5 L