Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

Question 1

Axial length of the Average eye

Answer 1

26.5 mm

Question 2

Another word for eyelids

Answer 2

Palpebrae

Question 3

Muscle that relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag

Answer 3

Muller’s Muscle

Question 4

Size of the average bony orbit in an adult

Answer 4

35mm x 40mm

Question 5

Reflex tears are produced by ____ and are generally caused by ____

Answer 5

Lacrimal glands/stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions

Question 6

Glands that produce basic tear secretion

Answer 6

Glands of Wolfring and Krause

Question 7

The three layers of the tear film in order from outermost to innermost are:

Answer 7

Lipid, Aqueous, Mucin

Question 8

The layer of the tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the:

Answer 8

Aqueous layer

Question 9

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for prevention of evaporation is the:

Answer 9

Lipid layer

Question 10

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the:

Answer 10

Mucin layer

Question 11

The term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is:

Answer 11

Tear lake/Tear prism/Tear meniscus

Question 12

Term for eyelids turning outward

Answer 12

Ectropion

Question 13

Term for eyelids turning inward

Answer 13

Entropion

Question 14

Name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and globe of the eye

Answer 14

Conjunctiva

Question 15

Goblet cells produce:

Answer 15

Mucous

Question 16

Inflammation of the Conjunctiva

Answer 16

Conjunctivitis

Question 17

The outer tunic consists of the ___, ___, and additionally the ___ and is ___

Answer 17

sclera/cornea/limbus/fibrous

Question 18

The five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost

Answer 18

Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium

Question 19

The average power of the cornea

Answer 19

42-45 diopters

Question 20

The cornea receives oxygen from:

Answer 20

Tears and blood vessels

Question 21

Number of layers in the epithelium

Answer 21

5 to 7 cell layers

Question 22

Scar tissue will form if this layer of the cornea is damaged

Answer 22

Bowman’s layer

Question 23

If the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells at a quicker pace and cause swelling of the eye

Answer 23

Endothelium

Question 24

The canal of Schlemm encircles the ___ region, where the aqueous drains in to the trabecular meshwork

Answer 24

Limbal

Question 25

The middle tunic is the ___ tunic and is located between the ___ and ___

Answer 25

Vascular/sclera/retina

Question 26

The ciliary body consists of the ___ and the ___

Answer 26

Ciliary muscle and ciliary process

Question 27

The anterior chamber is located ___

Answer 27

between the back surface of the cornea and the iris

Question 28

The posterior chamber is located ___

Answer 28

between the iris and the crystalline lens

Question 29

An inflammation of the iris is called:

Answer 29

Iritis

Question 30

A difference in pupil size is called:

Answer 30

anisocoria

Question 31

This muscle constricts to make the pupil smaller

Answer 31

Sphincter

Question 32

This muscle dilates to make the pupil larger

Answer 32

Dilator

Question 33

The inner tunic is the ___ and is the ___ tunic

Answer 33

retina/light sensitive

Question 34

The aqueous humor is produced by the:

Answer 34

Ciliary process

Question 35

If a patient experiences "floaters," they are located here.

Answer 35

In the vitreous

Question 36

The absence of the crystalline lens is referred to as:

Answer 36

aphakia

Question 37

The amplitude of accommodation of the average person at birth.

Answer 37

15 diopters

Question 38

Loss of accommodation is called

Answer 38

Presbyopia

Question 39

The six extraocular muscles are:

Answer 39

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Question 40

Definite turning of the eye

Answer 40

tropia

Question 41

The cornea primarily receives the nutrients it requires from the:

Answer 41

tear film

Question 42

Primary purpose of the choroid

Answer 42

Supply nutrients to the retina

Question 43

Photopic vision is:

Answer 43

Using cones in lighted conditions

Question 44

Area of the retina that is responsible for finely detailed vision

Answer 44

Fovea

Question 45

The ora serrata is located:

Answer 45

Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

Question 46

The beginning of the optic nerve is located:

Answer 46

In the optic disk

Question 47

Approximate dioptric power of the eye (both cornea and lens)

Answer 47

60 diopters

Question 48

A drooping of the eyelid is called:

Answer 48

Ptsosis

Question 49

The surgical removal of a portion of the iris is called:

Answer 49

Iridectomy

Question 50

Night vision is chiefly a function of the:

Answer 50

Rods