Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscles

Question 1

supports the body with strong bones, cartilage and ligaments

Answer 1

Skeletal System

Question 2

muscle to bone, contraction and pulling of tendons

Answer 2

Body Movement

Question 3

has minerals, adipose tissue

Answer 3

Mineral Storage

Question 4

matrix that always contains, collagen, ground substances, and other organic molecules

Answer 4

Extracellular Matrix

Question 5

bone forming cells, does the repairing and modeling of bones

Answer 5

Osteoblasts

Question 6

osteoblasts that become surrounded by matrix

Answer 6

Osteocytes

Question 7

bone destroying cells, bone absorption and also contribute to the bone repair modeling

Answer 7

Osteoclasts

Question 8

where can you mostly find long bones in the human body?

Answer 8

upper and lower limbs

Question 9

where can you mostly find short bones in the human body?

Answer 9

wrist and ankle

Question 10

where can you mostly find flat bones in the human body?

Answer 10

skull, ribs, scapula and sternum

Question 11

where can you mostly find irregular bones in the human body?

Answer 11

vertebrae and facial bones

Question 12

bones that are porous, has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone

Answer 12

Spongy bones

Question 13

bones that are less porous and has less space than spongy bones

Answer 13

Compact bones

Question 14

shaft of the bone

Answer 14

Diaphysis

Question 15

Proximal and Distal end of the bones

Answer 15

Epiphysis

Question 16

covers the ends of the epiphyses where the bone articulates with other bones and it is also made up of hyaline cartilage

Answer 16

Articular Cartilage

Question 17

canal inside the shaft

Answer 17

Medullary Cavity

Question 18

covers the outer surface of bone except where an articular cartilage is present

Answer 18

Periosteum

Question 19

lines and inner cavities of the bone

Answer 19

Endosteum

Question 20

composed of cartilage, between each epiphysis and the diaphysis

Answer 20

Epiphyseal plate/ growth plate

Question 21

soft tissue that fills the spaces of diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 21

Bone marrow

Question 22

marrow that has adipose tissue

Answer 22

yellow marrow

Question 23

marrow that produces blood cells

Answer 23

red marrow

Question 24

osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the surface of bones

Answer 24

Appositional Growth

Question 25

the removal of existing or old bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

Answer 25

Bone remodeling

Question 26

calcium absorption

Answer 26

Vitamin D

Question 27

increases collagen formation

Answer 27

Vitamin C

Question 28

increases general tissue growth

Answer 28

growth hormone

Question 29

required for normal growth of all tissues

Answer 29

Thyroid hormone

Question 30

when there's low calcium what happens to the osteoclastic

Answer 30

increases its activity

Question 31

when there's high calcium what happens to the osteoclastic

Answer 31

decreases its activity

Question 32

type of muscle responsible for facial expressions

Answer 32

face muscles

Question 33

raises the eyebrows

Answer 33

occipitofrontalis

Question 34

closes the eyelids, wrinkles at the lateral corners of the eye

Answer 34

orbicularis oculi

Question 35

raises the upper eyelids

Answer 35

levator palpebrae superiors

Question 36

draws the eyebrows inferior and medially

Answer 36

corrugator supercili

Question 37

kissing muscles or puckering of lips

Answer 37

orbicularis oris

Question 38

compresses the cheeks to hold food between teeth

Answer 38

buccinator

Question 39

muscles for smiling, acts on upper lips

Answer 39

zygomatic major and minor

Question 40

smiling, acts on angle of the mouth

Answer 40

risorius

Question 41

separates upper lip by pulling the upper lip upwards

Answer 41

levator anguli oris

Question 42

raises upper lip, sneering

Answer 42

levator labii superioris

Question 43

lowers corner of the mouth (frowning)

Answer 43

depressor anguli oris

Question 44

separates lips by pulling down the lower lip

Answer 44

depressor labii inferiors

Question 45

wrinkle of chin

Answer 45

Mentalis

Question 46

located anterior and lateral of part of the neck

Answer 46

sternocleidomastoid

Question 47

widest muscle in the body

Answer 47

trapezius

Question 48

located in the neck but inserts to the first and second rib, to elevate them during inspiration

Answer 48

scalene muscles

Question 49

involves forcefully closing the mouth and grinding food between the mouth

Answer 49

chewing

Question 50

masseters, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Answer 50

protraction of the mandible

Question 51

important in mastication and speech, also holds food in place

Answer 51

tongue

Question 52

protrudes the tongue

Answer 52

Genioglossus

Question 53

depresses the tongue

Answer 53

hyoglossus

Question 54

retracts the tongue

Answer 54

styloglossus

Question 55

elevates the tongue

Answer 55

palatoglossus

Question 56

muscles that extend, laterally flex, and rotate the vertebral column are divided into superficial and deep groups

Answer 56

trunk muscles

Question 57

what type of muscle are these: -iliocostalis -longissimus -spinalis

Answer 57

back muscles

Question 58

mainly involved in breathing and helps air flow in the lungs

Answer 58

thoracic muscles

Question 59

muscle that flex and rotate the vertebral column

Answer 59

abdominal wall muscle

Question 60

muscles for scapular movement

Answer 60

upper limb muscles

Question 61

types of muscles for scapular movement

Answer 61

trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 62

types of shoulder movement

Answer 62

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction of the shoulder

Question 63

"pecs", upper chest muscle flexes the shoulder and adducts the arm

Answer 63

Pectoralis Major

Question 64

"swimmers muscle" medial rotation of arm, adduction of arm and extension of shoulder

Answer 64

latissimus dorsi

Question 65

triangular muscle of the shoulder that forms a round mass

Answer 65

deltoid

Question 66

a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of humerus in glenoid of scapula

Answer 66

rotator cuff

Question 67

where does the rotation cuff sits on?

Answer 67

the humerus

Question 68

what are muscles in the arm

Answer 68

-biceps brachii -brachialis -coracobrachialis -brachioradialis

Question 69

muscles of the forearm

Answer 69

-biceps brachii supinator and pronator movements

Question 70

what are muscles in the hips

Answer 70

-iliacus and psoas major -(iliopsoas) flexes the hip

Question 71

common site for injections

Answer 71

gluteus maximus "buttocks"

Question 72

abducts medial rotation of thigh

Answer 72

glateus medius

Question 73

longest muscle in the body, flexes hip and knee, lateral rotation of thigh

Answer 73

sartorius

Question 74

flexes hip, abducts and medial rotation of thigh

Answer 74

tensor fasciae latae

Question 75

types of hamstring muscles:

Answer 75

-biceps femoris -semimembranosus -semitendinosus

Question 76

type of muscle that flexes the knee and extends the hip

Answer 76

hamstring muscles

Question 77

calf muscle, forms bulge of calves, plantar flexion of ankle

Answer 77

Gastrocnemius

Question 78

tendons of achilles that inserts into the calcaneous

Answer 78

achilles tendon

Question 79

muscle underneath the gastrocnemius, plantar flexion of ankle

Answer 79

soleus

Question 80

dorsiflexion of the ankle

Answer 80

tibialis anterior

Question 81

elevates the mandible

Answer 81

Medial Pterygoid

Question 82

Depresses the mandible

Answer 82

Lateral Pterygoid

Question 83

retraction of the mandible

Answer 83

Temporalis

Question 84

what type of muscle changes the shape of the tongue?

Answer 84

Intrinsic muscles

Question 85

what muscle connects vertebrae to ribs

Answer 85

superficial muscles

Question 86

what muscle connects vertebrae to another vertebrae?

Answer 86

deep muscles

Question 87

what muscle contracts to maintain erect posture? list the type of muscles as well.

Answer 87

Erector Spinae -Iliocostalis -Longissimus -Spinalis

Question 88

what muscles elevate the ribs, quiet inspiration

Answer 88

External Intercostals

Question 89

what muscles depresses the ribs, forced expiration

Answer 89

Internal Intercostals

Question 90

what muscle contracts during inspiration to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 90

Diaphragm

Question 91

what muscle elevates and supports pelvic floor?

Answer 91

Coccygeus

Question 92

what muscle elevates the anus?

Answer 92

Levator Ani