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Anatomy > Anatomy and Physiology Overview > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Overview Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

The portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that encompasses the area between the diaphragm and bony pelvis

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

A ventral body cavity located inferior to the diaphragm and encompasses the area of the abdomen and bony pelvis

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3
Q

The Cell

A

Smallest unit that can carry out the functions of life

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of the body’s chemical reactions

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5
Q

Anabolic Reactions (Anabolism)

A

Smaller chemicals are combined to form larger ones

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6
Q

Catabolic Reactions (Catabolism)

A

Larger chemicals are broken down into smaller ones

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7
Q

Growth

A

The increase in size of an individual cell or in the number of cells; occurs when anabolic reactions outweigh catabolic reactions

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8
Q

Excretion

A

The process by which waste products are removed from the body

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9
Q

Responsiveness(Irritability)

A

The property of living organisms by which they sense and react to changes in their environment

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10
Q

Reproduction

A

The production of new cells within an organism or production of an offspring

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11
Q

Chemical

A

A substance with a unique molecular composition that is used in or produced y chemical processes

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12
Q

Levels of Structural Organization and Body Systems

A

1.Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3.Tissue
4.Organ
5. Organ System
6.Organism

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13
Q

Tissue

A

A group of structurally and functionally related cells and their extracellular matrix

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14
Q

Organ

A

Two or tissues combined to produce a structure that has a recognizable shape and that performs a specialized task

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15
Q

Organ System

A

two or more organs that work together to carry out a broad function in the body

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16
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

The study of the human body taken from the perspective of individual organ systems

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17
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

The study of the human body taken from the perspective of specific body regions

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18
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

The study of the surface markings of the human body

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19
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the unaided eye

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20
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

The study of structures of the human boy that require the use of a microscope for observation

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21
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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22
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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23
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The standard position in which an anatomical specimen is presented, in which a subject is facing forward, arms at the side with palms facing outward, and the feet are shoulder width apart

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24
Q

Directional Terms

A

Terms used to describe relative locations of body parts and markings
Ex. Anterior/Posterior/Superior/Inferior/Lateral/Medial/Proximal/Distal/Superficial/Deep

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25
Regional Terms
Terms used to describe the relative regions of the human body
26
Axial Region
The portion of the body consisting of the head, neck, and trunk
27
Appendicular Region
The portion o the body consisting of the upper nd lower limbs
28
Abdominal
The abdomen
29
Cervical
The neck
30
Gluteal
The buttocks
31
Inguinal
The groin
32
Lumbar
The lower back
33
Palmar
The palm
34
Pelvic
Pelvis
35
Pubic
Pubis
36
Saacral
The sacrum
37
Sternal
The sternum
38
Thoracic
The chest
39
Vertebral
The spinal column
40
Buccal
The cheek
41
Cranial
The skull
42
Cephalic
The head
43
Frontal
The forehead
44
Mental
The chin
45
Nasal
The nose
46
Occipital
The back of the head
47
Ocular
The eye
48
Oral
The mouth
49
Otic
The ear
50
Acromial
The point of the shoulder
51
Antebrachial
The forearm
52
Antecubital
The anterior surface of the elbow
53
Axillary
The armpit
54
Brachial
The arm
55
Carpal
The wrist
56
Digital
The finger or toes
57
Manual
The hand
58
Metacarpal
The metacarpals (bone of the hand)
59
Pollex
Thumb
60
Coxal
The hip
61
Crural
The anterior surface of the leg
62
Femoral
The thigh
63
Hallux
The great toe (Big toe)
64
Metatarsal
The metatarsals (bones of the foot)
65
Patellar
The anterior surface of the knee
66
Pedal
The foot
67
Plantar
The sole of the foot
68
Popliteal
The posterior surface of the knee
69
Sural
The posterior surface of the leg
70
Tarsal
The ankle
71
Planes of Section
Standard ways of dividing a body or body part to examine its internal structure
72
Sagittal Plane
A plane of section that divides the body or body part into right and left portions
73
Midsagittal Plane (Median Plane)
A plane of section that divides the body or body part into equal right and left portions
74
Parasagittal Plane
A plane of section that divides the body or body pat into unequal right and left portions
75
Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)
A plan of section that divides the body or body parts into anterior and posterior portions
76
Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane/Cross Section)
A plane of section that divides the body or body part into superior and inferior portions or proximal and distal portions
77
Anterior (Ventral)
Towards the front
78
Posterior (Dorsal)
Towards the back
79
Superior (Cranial)
Towards the head
80
Inferior (Caudal)
Towards the tail
81
Proximal
Closer to the point of origin, usually the trunk
82
Distal
Farther away from the point of origin, usually the trunk
83
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body or body part
84
Lateral
Farther away from the midline of the body or body part
85
Superficial
Closer to the surface
86
Deep
Farther below the surface
87
Posterior Body Cavity
The major body cavity located mostly on the posterior side of the body
88
Anterior Body cavity
The major body cavity located mostly on the anterior side of the body
89
Cranial Cavity
A dorsal body cavity located within the skull that houses the brain
90
Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity
A posterior body cavity located within the vertebral column that houses the spinal cord
91
Diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and the main muscle for breathing
92
Thoracic Cavity
A ventral body cavity located within the area superior to the diaphragm that encompasses the area of the thorax
93
Pleural Cavity
A potential space between the parietal and visceral membranes surrounding the lungs, contains a thin layer of serous fluid
94
Mediastinum
The portion of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs
95
Pericardial Cavity
A narrow potential space located between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes surrounding the heart, contains a thin layer of serous fluid
96
Pelvic Cavity
The portion of the abdominopelvic cavity located within the bony pelvis
97
Peritoneal Cavity
A narrow space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum membranes that is filled with serous fluid
98
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
99
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
100
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
101
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
102
Right/ Left Hypochondriac Regions
Lie below the cartilage of the ribs
103
Epigastric Region
The region between the right and left hypochondriac regions and superior to the stomach
104
Right/ Left Lumbar Regions
Located approximately in the same region as the lumbar vertebrae
105
Umbilical Region
Region between the right and left lumbar regions, contains the umbilicus
106
Right/ Left Iliac Regions
Located in the inguinal areas
107
Hypogastric Region
Located between the right and left iliac regions, inferior to the stomach
108
Serous Fluid
A thin, watery secretion from a serous membrane that lubricates an organ in a cavity within the serous membrane
109
Serous membrane
Thin sheets of tissue that envelope certain organs and produce serous fluid
110
Visceral layer of Serous Membrane
The inner layer that actually comes into contact with the organ
111
Parietal Layer of Serous Membrane
The outer layer that attaches to surrounding structures
112
Pleural Membranes
Surround the lungs, consists of parietal, and visceral pleura
113
Pericardial Membranes
Surround the heart, consists of parietal and visceral pericardium
114
Peritoneal Membranes
Surrounds some abdominal organs, consists of parietal and visceral peritoneum
115
Intraperitoneal
Inside the peritoneal cavity

Anatomy (9 decks)

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