Anatomy and physiology Part 1

Question 1

Which of the following characterized the left atrium
A : finger like appendage
B: receives SVC and IVC
C: broad based appendage
D: contains sinoatrial node
E: All of the above

Answer 1

A: Finger like appendage

Question 2

Which of the following is considered a normal fetal heart shunt
A: DV
B: DA
C: patient foramen ovale
D: B and C
E: A B C

Answer 2

D: B and C
Ductus arteriosus and patent foramen oval

Question 3

Which vessel supplies blood flow to the left ventricle and left atrium?

Answer 3

Left coronary artery

Question 4

What vessel in the fetal circulation takes the majority of the right ventricular blood flow from the pulmonary artery, allowing most of the blood to bypass the fetal lungs

Answer 4

ductus arteriosus

Question 5

After identifying the fetal position and right/left orientation, the next step in the sequential segmental analysis is to

Answer 5

identify the location and orientation of the apex of the heart

Question 6

What is the most leftward structure in the heart
A: aorta
B: mitral valve
C: tricuspid valve
D: Main pulmonary artery
E: SVC

Answer 6

D: main pulmonary artery

Question 7

Multiple echoes within the right atrium can represent the
A: Foramen ovarial flap
B: Eustachian valve
C Chiari network
D Tricuspid valve leaflets
E Both B and C

Answer 7

E Both B and C
Eustachian and Chiari network

Question 8

The normal range for the E/A ratio is
A: 0.5-1.0
B: 1.1-1.5
C: 1.5-2.0
D 2.0-3.0
E Constant at 1.5

Answer 8

A 0.5-1.0

Question 9

Normal fetal circulation:
A; is in series
B decreases with gestational age
C: is in parallel
D: Is the same as a neonatal circulation
E: none of the above

Answer 9

C is in parallel

Question 10

What enzyme is release by the neonatal lungs shortly after birth, stimulating the closure of the DA

Answer 10

Bradykinin

Question 11

Normally, the oxygen saturation of blood flowing into the fetus through the umbilical vein is
A: 55%
B 65%
C 75%
D 85%
E 95%

Answer 11

D: 85%

Question 12

What is the placental oxygen saturation after the blood has circulated through the fetus and back to the placenta via the umbilical arteries
A: 58%
B: 85%
C: 45%
D: 100%
E: 65%

Answer 12

A 58%

Question 13

In the sequence of fetal heart development, what is last to form embryologically:
A: truncus arteriosus
B semilunar valves
C bulbs cordis
D coronary sinus
E paired heart tube

Answer 13

B semilunar valves

Question 14

A fully septated heart is achieved by gestational week?
A 4
B 6
C 8
D 10
E 12

Answer 14

C: 8

Question 15

Endocardial cushions are involved in the development of the:
A: semilunar valves
B: AV valves
C: membranous septum
D: Both A and B
E: All of the above

Answer 15

E all of the above

Question 16

What syndrome is though to be a result of a midline development field defect:
A: polysplenia
B: Asplenia
C: Ivemark syndrome
D: right atrial isomerism
E: All of the above

Answer 16

A: all of the above

Question 17

The period of organogenesis occurs between which weeks of gestation:
A: 0 and 3
B 3 and 6
C 4 and 8
D 8 and 10
E 10 and 12

Answer 17

C: 4 and 8

Question 18

The partitioning of the embryonic fetal heart into the chambers of the atria and ventricles begins at approximately what gestational day?
A: unk
B: day 16
C: day 18
D day 22
E day 28

Answer 18

E Day 28

Question 19

Coarctation of the aorta is thought to be the result of
A: aberrant ductal tissue
B Decreased blood flow through the aortic isthmus
C failure of the court and sixth aortic arches to connect with the descending aorta
D: A and B only
E: All of the above

Answer 19

E all of the above