Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Branch of science concerned with bodily structure

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

How the body works

Question 3

Why are anatomy and physiology difficult to separate

Answer 3

The structure of body parts are closely related to its function

Question 4

9 levels of organization (least to greatest)

Answer 4

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell ,tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

Question 5

What is not a characteristic of life

Answer 5

Exfoliation

Question 6

What is not a requirement that organism needs to sustain life

Answer 6

Intellect

Question 7

What is homeostasis

Answer 7

Condition of a stable internal environment

Question 8

Positive feedback

Answer 8

Goes away from normal state (a mom going into labor)

Question 9

Negative feedback

Answer 9

Goes towards normal state, your body sweating to cool off

Question 10

What are the five major body cavities of a human

Answer 10

Cranial cavity, spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Question 11

What separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal-pelvic cavity?

Answer 11

The diaphram

Question 12

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

Answer 12

Secretion that provides lubrication between parietal and visceral membranes to reduce friction

Question 13

What are the three major planes of the body

Answer 13

Transverse: upper and lower halves
Sagittal: left and right
Coronal: front and back

Question 14

What are the 11 major systems of the human body

Answer 14

Nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrines, integument, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, reproductive, urinary, respiratory

Question 15

Nervous System (brain)

Answer 15

Controls the body; sends chemical impulses

Question 16

Cardiovascular System (heart)

Answer 16

Circulates blood; delivers oxygen/nutrients

Question 17

Digestive System (stomach)

Answer 17

Breaks down and absorbs food

Question 18

Endocrine System

Answer 18

Secretes/regulates hormones

Question 19

Integument System

Answer 19

Protects body/retain water

Question 20

Skeletal System

Answer 20

Provide support, protection, and movement

Question 21

Muscular System

Answer 21

Provides movement and body heat

Question 22

Lymphatic System

Answer 22

Defends against infection/cleans fluid

Question 23

Reproductive System

Answer 23

Produces/transports sex cells

Question 24

Urinary System (kidneys)

Answer 24

Remove waste from blood

Question 25

Respiratory System (lungs)

Answer 25

Exchanges gases with external environment

Question 26

Three components of a homeostatic mechanism

Answer 26

Receptor: to detect if anything is wrong within the body Set point: What the receptors compare to; the correct/normal state of body Effectors: How the body deals with the conflict

Question 27

What is not a major function of the integumentary system

Answer 27

Transmit impulses

Question 28

Correct order of the major layers in the skin (outer to inner)

Answer 28

Epidermis, dermic, subcutaneous layer

Question 29

Purpose of subcutaneous layer

Answer 29

Contains adipose tissue, insulation to conserve body heat

Question 30

Specialized cells locates in the dermis responsible for pigmentation

Answer 30

Melanocytes

Question 31

What affects skin color

Answer 31

genetic and environmental factors

Question 32

What is not a major part of the nails

Answer 32

Nail shaft

Question 33

How are meccrine (eccrine sweat glands different from apocrine sweat glands

Answer 33

Eccrine sweat gland are active throughout life, apocrine are active at puberty

Question 34

How is healing a wound in the epidermis different from healing a wound in the dermis

Answer 34

The dermis involves blood vlots and scabs in the healing process

Question 35

Hair composed of dead epidermal cells

Answer 35

Hair shaft

Question 36

Living part of the hair

Answer 36

Hair follicle

Question 37

Gland that secreates an oily mixture

Answer 37

Sebaceous gland

Question 38

Gland that secretes a mixture of salt and water

Answer 38

Sweat glands

Question 39

Attached to hair and contract to cause goosebumps

Answer 39

Arrector pili muscles

Question 40

Two modified sweat glands

Answer 40

Mammary: milk/feed young Ceruminous: earwax

Question 41

Histology can be defined as

Answer 41

the study of tissues

Question 42

What are the shapes of epithelial tissue

Answer 42

Columnar, squamous, cuboidal NOT DENSE

Question 43

General characteristics of epithelial tissues

Answer 43

Tightly packed tissue used to protect other tissue

Question 44

Asipose tissue

Answer 44

Stores fat

Question 45

Difference between cartilage and bone

Answer 45

Cartilage does not heal as quickly as bone because it doesn't have a good of a vascular system/blood supply

Question 46

Major components of blood

Answer 46

Plasma, reb blood cells, platelets

Question 47

Collagen protein

Answer 47

Thicker fibers that are used for strength

Question 48

Elastin protein

Answer 48

Weaker and stretchy

Question 49

General characteristics of connective tissues

Answer 49

Tissue that serves as. a framework of the body and helps bind structures together

Question 50

General characterstics of nerbous

Answer 50

Tissue that uses chemical signal impulses to control the body/send messages

Question 51

General characteristics of muscular tiisue

Answer 51

Tissues used in contractions

Question 52

Three types of muscular tissues

Answer 52

Skeletal: voluntary and striated Smooth: involuntary, not striated Cardiac: involuntary and striated

Question 53

What is a neurotransmitter

Answer 53

Chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells

Question 54

List the five levels of organization for muscles (smallest to largest)

Answer 54

filaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

Question 55

Which of the following is not a connective tissue associated with the muscular sustem

Answer 55

Osseous

Question 56

What describes the general structure of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 56

Myofibrils consisting of actin and myosin

Question 57

What is the correct order of organization for muscles from smallest to largest

Answer 57

Filaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

Question 58

What is neuromuscular junction

Answer 58

Connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber