anatomy basics

Question 1

what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 1

anatomy involves the structural components of the body while physiology involves how the parts/systems work together

Question 2

what is the Greek meaning of “anatomy”?

Answer 2

“to cut up”

Question 3

who is the father of modern anatomy?

Answer 3

Andreas Versalius

Question 4

what is the initial reference point?

Answer 4

anatomical position

Question 5

what is included in the Axial portion of the skeleton?

Answer 5

skull, ribs, vertebrae

Question 6

what is included in the appendicular portion of the skeleton?

Answer 6

the arms, legs, pelvis

Question 7

anterior (ventral)

ex.: ?

Answer 7

front part of the body

ex.: stomach

Question 8

posterior (dorsal)

ex:?

Answer 8

back side of the body

ex.: shoulder blades

Question 9

cranial

Q ex.:which is superior, the nose or the pelvis?

Answer 9

superior; closer to the top of the body

A ex.: the nose

Question 10

caudal

Q. ex.: what is more caudal, the feet or the ribs?

Answer 10

inferior; closer to the bottom of the body

A. ex.: the feet

Question 11

Medial

Q. ex.: what is more medial, the hands or nose?

Answer 11

towards the midline

A. ex.: the nose

Question 12

lateral

Q. ex.: what is more lateral, the ears or the eyes?

Answer 12

towards the outside

A. ex.: the ears

Question 13

proximal

Q. Ex.: what is proximal, the elbow or the hand?

Answer 13

superior(limbs)

A. Ex.: the elbow

Question 14

distal

Q. Ex.: what is more distal, the feet or the pelvis?

Answer 14

inferior (limbs)

A. Ex.: the feet

Question 15

Superficial

Q. Ex.: what is more superficial, the ribs or the lungs?

Answer 15

nearer to the surface

A. Ex.: the ribs

Question 16

Deep

Q. Ex.: what is more deep, the skull or the brain?

Answer 16

closer to the core/middle

A. Ex.: the brain

Question 17

Sagittal plane

Exercise:?

Answer 17

the plane that divides the left from the right

exercise: lunges, running

Question 18

mid-sagittal plane:

Answer 18

the Sagittal plane that is on the midline

Question 19

coronal (frontal) plane

exercise:?

Answer 19

separates anterior from posterior

exercise: jumping jacks, lateral raises

Question 20

transverse plane

exercise:?

Answer 20

separates the top from the bottom (above the hips)

exercise: twisting, rotations

Question 21

Dorsal cavity includes…

Answer 21

cranial and spinal cavity

e.g. brain and spinal cord

Question 22

thoracic cavity includes…

Answer 22

esophagus, lungs, heart

Question 23

abdominopelvic cavity includes…

Answer 23

abdominal cavity: stomach, liver

pelvic cavity: reproductive organs, bladder

Question 24

what is homeostasis?

Answer 24

the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment

Question 25

two examples of homeostasis:

Answer 25

• Sweating

- blood sugar levels (hypothalamus)

Question 26

Negative feedback loop?

example?

Answer 26

when body notices change➡️sends signal to corrective mechanisms➡️corrective mechanisms fix change➡️conditions return to normal and corrective mechanisms turn off

ex.: body is too hot. the body sends a message to the sweat glands to produce sweat to cool down. the body begins to cool down.

Question 27

what is metabolism?

Answer 27

the process of how food is turned into fuel.

Question 28

what is anabolism?

Answer 28

the building up of molecules

Question 29

what is catabolism?

Answer 29

the breaking down of molecules.

Question 30

what are 6 ways to speed up one’s metabolism?

Answer 30

1. weight training
2. interval training
3. snacking
4. staying hydrated
5. eating spicy foods
6. eating more proteins

Question 31

abduction

adduction

Answer 31

away from the body

toward the body

Question 32

pronation

supination

Answer 32

tilts toward the inside

tilts toward the outside