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Anatomy- Sem 2 > Anatomy - Blood Circulation > Flashcards

Anatomy - Blood Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries and veins are used for systemic and pulomnary circulation. What are the 4 key differences between arteries and veins?

A
  • Arteries carry oxygenated blood under pressure from heart, pressure is reduced in capillariess so veins are low pressure
  • Arteries often have thicker walls (smooth muscle and elastin) and smaller diameter than veins
  • Arteries don’t have valves, except from origins at heart
  • Veins are often superficial to arteries to facilitate blood flow
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2
Q

What are the three branches stemming from the arch of the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
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3
Q

What are the two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A
  1. Right common carotid artery
  2. Right Subclavian artery
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4
Q

What does the right common carotid artery bifurcate into?

A

The external and internal carotid arteries

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5
Q

What are the definitive features of the internal carotid artery?

A
  • Arises at bifurcation of common carotid artery
  • Remains unbranched in the neck
  • Ophthalmic artery branches in cranial fossa to eye
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6
Q

Working upwards, what are the three anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery
  2. Lingual artery
  3. Facial artery
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7
Q

Working upwards, what are the three posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Ascending pharyngeal artery
  2. Occipital artery
  3. Posterior auricular artery
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8
Q

Working upwards, what are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Maxillary artery
  2. Superficial temporal artery
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9
Q

What are the definitive features of the superior thyroid artery?

A
  1. Passes inferiorly to thyroid gland
  2. Deep to infrahyoid strap muscles of neck
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10
Q

What are the definitive features of the lingual artery?

A

Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric and submandibular gland to side of tongue and floor of mouth

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11
Q

What are the definitive features of the facial artery?

A
  1. Wavy course, superficial
  2. Loops posterior to submandibular gland, passes over body of mandible
  3. Supplies submandibular and sublingual glands, soft palate, tonsils, and superficial face
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12
Q

What are the four branches of the facial artery?

A
  1. Submental artery
  2. Inferior labial artery
  3. Superior labial artery
  4. Terminates as angular artery
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13
Q

What are the definitive features of the ascending pharyngeal artery?

A
  • Posterior to ramus of mandible
  • Deep to neck muscles
  • Extra-cranial supply (pharynx, soft palate)
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14
Q

What is the definitive feature of the occiptal artery?

A

Branches to sternocleidomastoid and posterior to scalp

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15
Q

What is the definitive feature of the posterior articular artery?

A

Supplies internal and external ear, scalp

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16
Q

What are the definitive features of the maxillary artery?

A
  • Deep to condyle of mandible to pterygopalatine fossa
  • Supplies maxillary teeth, TMJ, muscles of mastication, palate, skin of face between eye and mouth
17
Q

What is the definitive feature of the superficial temporal artery?

A

Superficial, supplies scalp, ear, orbicularis oculi, and temporalis

18
Q

What are the 5 branches of the maxillary artery branches?

A
  1. Inferior alveolar artery
  2. Muscles of mastication (MoM) branches
  3. Posterior superior alveolar (PSA) arteries
  4. Pterygopalatine fossa branches
  5. Infraorbital artery
19
Q

What are the definitive features of the inferior alveolar branch?

A
  • Branch of maxillary artery
  • To mandible and teeth
  • Branches include the mylohyoid artery
20
Q

What are the definitive features of the muscles of mastication branches?

A
  • Branches of maxillary artery
  • Deep temporal arteries, masseteric, pterygoids
21
Q

What are the definitive features of the posterior superior alveolar arteries?

A
  • Branches of maxillary artery
  • Supplies maxillary teeth
22
Q

What are the definitive features of the pterygopalatine fossa branches?

A
  • Branches of maxillary cartery
  • Branches include descending palatine artery
23
Q

What are the definitive features of the infraorbital artery?

A
  • Terminal branch of the maxillary artery
  • Gives rise to middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries (anterior maxilla)
24
Q

What are the key features of veins?

A
  1. Contains deoxygenated blood under low pressure
  2. 80% of body’s blood
  3. Venous return is facilitated through: gravity, muscles in vein walls, external pressures, and valves
  4. Many anastomoses and many variations
25
Q

What are tributaries of the superior vena cava?

A

The brachiocephalic veins

26
Q

What are the two tributaries of the brachiocephalic veins?

A

Internal jugular veins and subclavian veins

27
Q

What is a tributary of the subclavian vein?

A

The external jugular vein

28
Q

What are the definitive features of the external jugular vein?

A
  1. Superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscles
  2. Tributary of the subclavian vein
29
Q

What are the definitive features of the internal jugular vein?

A
  1. Deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle
  2. Tributaries include: facial, lingual, pharyngeal, middle, and superior thyroid veins
30
Q

What forms the tributaries of the retromandibular veins?

A

The superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein

31
Q

The retromandibular vein divides into an anterior and posterior branch. What are the tributaries for these branches?

A

Anterior branch + facial vein = tributaries of common facial vein / internal jugular vein

Posterior branch + posterior auricular branch = tributaries of the external jugular vein

32
Q

What is the pterygoid venous plexus?

A

A deep network of fine veins between the temporalis and pteryoid muscles

Receives blood from many adjacent deep veins

Mostly drained into the maxillary vein to retromandibular vein

33
Q

What are the 4 features of the intracranial venous sinuses?

A
  1. Venous spaces within dura
  2. Collect blood from brain and cranial bones
  3. No valves or muscles
  4. Mostly drain into internal jugular vein

Anatomy- Sem 2 (4 decks)

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